한국   대만   중국   일본 
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????? ????? (????? ????:?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????) ??????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????? .

??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????????? ? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???: ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ' ??? ?? ???????? ????????' ? ' ???? ?? ????? ???' ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???.

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????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? (Stinsford) ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? (Dorset) ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? (????_????) ??? ???????? ? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? (Jamima) (????_????) ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???. ?????? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? (Bockhampton). ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????.

????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???. ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (King's College London) ???????? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???.

????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? (Weymouth) ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???.

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????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ≪???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?????≫.

?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (pleurisy) ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????.

?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? (West Minister) ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? (Emma) ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????.

???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????.

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??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ≪?????? ? ????? ?????≫ (The Poor Man and the Lady) ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ≪???????????? ??????????≫ (Desperate Remedies) ?? ???? ???? ? ≪????? ???? ???????≫ (Under the Greenwood Tree) ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ≪??? ???? ???? ???≫ (A Pair of Blue Eyes) ?? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?????? ≪???? ?? ????? ???≫ (Far from the Madding Crowd) ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????.

???? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ≪????????? ??????≫ (Wessex Poems) ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ≪The Dynasts≫.

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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hardy . 1

2. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/13/thomashardy

3. Tomalin, Claire, (2007), Thomas Hardy, the Time-torn Man, Penguin, pp. 30, 36

4. Hardy, Emma (1961) Some Recollections by Emma Hardy; with some relevant poems by Thomas Hardy; ed. by Evelyn Hardy & R. Gittings. London: Oxford University Press

5. .Gibson, James (ed.) (1975) Chosen Poems of Thomas Hardy, London: Macmillan Education; p.9

6. .Wilson, Keith (2009). A Companion to Thomas Hardy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 55

7. .Burley, Peter (2012). "When steam railroaded history". Cornerstone. 33 (1): 9

8. .Walsh, Lauren (2005), "Introduction", The Return of the Native, by Thomas Hardy (print), Classics, New York: Barnes & Noble

9. .Watts, Cedric (2007). Thomas Hardy: 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles'. Humanities-Ebooks. pp. 13, 14

10. Florence Emily Hardy, The Early Life of Thomas Hardy, 1840?1891, p. 269

11. .Geoffrey Harvey, Thomas Hardy: The Complete Critical Guide to Thomas Hardy. New York: Routledge, 2003, p.108