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  1. ^ Garibova, Jala (2011), "A Pan-Turkic Dream: Language Unification of Turks" , in Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (eds.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts , Oxford University Press , p. 268, ISBN   9780199837991 , Approximately 200 million people,... speak nearly 40 Turkic languages and dialects. Turkey is the largest Turkic state, with about 60 million ethnic Turks living in its territories.
  2. ^ Hobbs, Joseph J. (2017), Fundamentals of World Regional Geography , Cengage , p. 223, ISBN   9781305854956 , The greatest are the 65 million Turks of Turkey, who speak Turkish, a Turkic language...
  3. ^ "KKTC 2011 NUFUS VE KONUT SAYIMI" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2013 . Retrieved 14 February 2014 . ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  4. ^ Orvis, Stephen; Drogus, Carol Ann (2018). Introducing Comparative Politics: Concepts and Cases in Context (?? ????????). CQ Press. p.  305 . ISBN   978-1-5443-7444-4 . Today, nearly three million ethnic Turks live in Germany, and many have raised children there.
  5. ^ Engstrom, Aineias (12 January 2021), "Turkish-German "dream team" behind first COVID-19 vaccine" , Portland State Vanguard , Portland State University , archived from the original on 27 March 2021 , retrieved 27 March 2021 , The German census does not gather data on ethnicity, however according to estimates, somewhere between 4?7 million people with Turkish roots, or 5?9% of the population, live in Germany.
  6. ^ Zestos, George K.; Cooke, Rachel N. (2020), Challenges for the EU as Germany Approaches Recession (PDF) , Levy Economics Institute , p. 22, Presently (2020) more than seven million Turks live in Germany.
  7. ^ Szyszkowitz, Tessa (2005), "Germany" , in Von Hippel, Karin (ed.), Europe Confronts Terrorism , Palgrave Macmillan, p. 53, ISBN   978-0230524590 , It is a little late to start the debate about being an immigrant country now, when already seven million Turks live in Germany.
  8. ^ Bryson, John (2012), "Remarks by Commerce Secretary Bryson, April 5, 2012", Foreign Policy Bulletin , Cambridge University Press , 22 (3): 137, Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent, the CEO of Coca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. The citation is also available on Remarks at Center for American Progress & Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) Luncheon , U.S. Department of Commerce , 2012 , retrieved 13 November 2020
  9. ^ Feldman, Brian (2022), The District 15 Delegation will be making an appearance Thursday on a TV show which reaches over 2 million Turkish Americans as well as viewers in Turkey! , Facebook , retrieved 3 November 2022
  10. ^ ????? ?????????: ???? ???????? <ref> ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?afak2009 ???????
  11. ^ Lucena, Jorge (2022), MEET MURAD ISLAMOV: THE FOUNDER AND CEO OF MAYA BAGEL EXPRESS , Flaunt , archived from the original on 26 March 2022 , retrieved 26 March 2022 , Over 3 million Turkish Americans live in various states across the united states. They have had a significant impact on the united states' culture, achievements, and history. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  12. ^ Aalberse, Suzanne; Backus, Ad; Muysken, Pieter (2019), Heritage Languages: A language Contact Approach , John Benjamins Publishing Company , p. 90, ISBN   978-9027261762 , the Dutch Turkish community... out of a population that over the years must have numbered half a million.
  13. ^ Tocci, Nathalie (2004), EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace Or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus? , Ashgate Publishing , p. 130, ISBN   9780754643104 , The Dutch government was concerned about Turkey's reaction to the European Council's conclusions on Cyprus, keeping in mind the presence of two million Turks in Holland and the strong business links with Turkey.
  14. ^ van Veen, Rita (2007), 'De koningin heeft oog voor andere culturen' , Trouw , archived from the original on 12 April 2021 , retrieved 25 December 2020 , Erol kan niet voor alle twee miljoen Turken in Nederland spreken, maar hij denkt dat Beatrix wel goed ligt bij veel van zijn landgenoten.
  15. ^ Baker, Rauf (2021), The Netherlands: The EU's "New Britain"? , Begin?Sadat Center for Strategic Studies , Bar-Ilan University , The Netherlands, which has a total population of 17 million, contains around two million Turks,...
  16. ^ Hentz, Jean-Gustave; Hasselmann, Michel (2010). Transculturalite, religion, traditions autour de la mort en reanimation . Springer-Verlag France . doi : 10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_33 . ISBN   978-2-287-99072-4 . La France d’aujourd’hui est une societe multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants representant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L’immigration massive de populations du sud de l’Europe de culture catholique apres la deuxieme guerre mondiale a ete suivie par l’arrivee de trois millions d’Africains du Nord, d’un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d’Afrique Noire et d’Asie qui ont implante en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrebins et Africains de l’Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l’Est).
  17. ^ Gallard, Joseph; Nguyen, Julien (2020), "Il est temps que la France appelle a de veritables sanctions contre le jeu d'Erdogan" , Marianne , archived from the original on 14 February 2021 , retrieved 25 November 2020 , ... et ce grace a la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n’est plus...es raisons derriere ne sont pas difficiles a deviner : l’immense population turque en Allemagne, estimee par Merkel elle-meme aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l’Allemagne prenait des mesures allant a l’encontre de la Turquie.
  18. ^ Contrat d'objectifs et de moyens (COM) 2020-2022 de France Medias Monde: Mme Joelle Garriaud-Maylam, co-rapporteur , Senat , 2021 , retrieved 7 May 2021 , Enfin, comme vous l'avez dit au sujet de la Turquie, il est essentiel que la France investisse davantage dans les langues qui sont parlees sur le territoire national. On recense plus d'un million de Turcs en France. Ils ne partagent pas toujours nos objectifs et nos valeurs, parce qu'ils subissent l'influence d'une presse qui ne nous est pas toujours tres favorable. Il est donc tres utile de les prendre en compte dans le developpement de nos medias.
  19. ^ "UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs" . The Guardian . 1 August 2011 . Retrieved 1 August 2011 .
  20. ^ Federation of Turkish Associations UK (19 June 2008). "Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK" . Archived from the original on 10 January 2012 . Retrieved 13 April 2011 . ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  21. ^ Warum die Turken? (PDF) , vol. 78, Initiative Minderheiten , 2011, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2021 , retrieved 17 August 2021 , Was sind die Grunde fur dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen turkischer Herkunft? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  22. ^ Molzer, Andreas . "In Osterreich leben geschatzte 500.000 Turken, aber kaum mehr als 10?12.000 Slowenen" . Archived from the original on 25 December 2018 . Retrieved 30 October 2020 . ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  23. ^ Manco, Altay; Ta?, Ertugrul (2019), "Migrations Matrimoniales: Facteurs de Risque en Sante´ Mentale", The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , SAGE Publishing , 64 (6): 444, doi : 10.1177/0706743718802800 , PMC   6591757 , PMID   30380909
  24. ^ Debels, Thierry (2021), Operatie Rebel: toen de Belgische heroinehandel in Turkse handen was , PMagazine, archived from the original on 16 August 2021 , retrieved 16 August 2021 , Volgens diverse bronnen zouden eerst een half miljoen Turken die toen in Belgie verbleven ? Belgen van Turkse afkomst en aanverwanten ? gescreend zijn.
  25. ^ Lennie, Soraya (2017). "Turkish diaspora in Australia vote in referendum" . TRT World . p. 28 . Retrieved 14 November 2020 . An estimated 200,000 Turks live in Australia with most of them based in Melbourne's northern suburbs.
  26. ^ Vahdettin, Levent; Aksoy, Secil; Oz, Ula?; Orhan, Kaan (2016), Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo , Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey , Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.
  27. ^ ? ? ? Karcı, Durmu? (2018), "The Effects of Language Characters and Identity of Meskhetian Turkish in Kazakhstan" , The Journal of Kesit Academy , 4 (13): 301?303
  28. ^ Sayıner, Arda (2018). "Swedish touch in Turkey" . Daily Sabah . Retrieved 6 September 2021 .
  29. ^ Laczko, Frank; Stacher, Irene; Klekowski von Koppenfels, Amanda (2002), New challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe , Cambridge University Press, p. 187, ISBN   978-90-6704-153-9
  30. ^ Widding, Lars. "Historik" . KSF Prespa Birlik . Retrieved 17 November 2020 . ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  31. ^ Демоскоп Weekly. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации . Archived from the original on 21 May 2012 . Retrieved 30 January 2012 .
  32. ^ Ryazantsev 2009 , p. 172.
  33. ^ Schweizer Nein konnte Europa-Skeptiker starken , Der Tagesspiegel , 2009 , retrieved 26 May 2021 , Dabei erwarten Vertreter der rund 120.000 Turken in der Schweiz nach dem Referendum keine gravierenden Anderungen in ihrem Alltag.
  34. ^ Aytac, Seyit Ahmet (2018), Shared issues, stronger ties: Canada's envoy to Turkey , Anadolu Agency , retrieved 7 February 2021 , Turkish diaspora of some 100,000 Turks largely in Toronto is growing, says Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter   ... We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they're doing very well in Canada. We think it's 100,000, largely in Toronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well.
  35. ^ Larsen, Nick Aagaard (2008), Tyrkisk afstand fra Islamisk Trossamfund , Danish Broadcasting Corporation , retrieved 1 November 2020 , Ud af cirka 200.000 muslimer i Danmark har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder, og de udgør dermed langt den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.
  36. ^ Turk kadınının derdi Danimarka'da da aynı , Milliyet , 2015 , retrieved 7 September 2021 , Danimarka’da ya?ayan 75 bin Turk nufusunda,...
  37. ^ Seckin, Barı? (2020), ?talya'daki Turk vatanda?ları Kovid-19 nedeniyle kayıp vermedi , Anadolu Agency , retrieved 6 September 2021 , ?talya’da ya?ayan 50 bin kadar Turk vatanda?ının
  38. ^ ? ? ? Barthold (1962) ""The book of my grandfather Korkut" ("Kitab-i dedem Korkut") is an outstanding monument of the medieval Oghuz heroic epic. Three modern Turkic-speaking peoples - Turkmens, Azerbaijanis and Turks - are ethnically and linguistically related to the medieval Oghuzes. For all these peoples, the epic legends deposited in the "Book of Korkut" represent an artistic reflection of their historical past."
  39. ^ Gocek 2011 , p. 22.
  40. ^ Gocek 2011 , p. 23.
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