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?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????
????
?? ??????? : Ieper
?????? ?? Police Zone ARRO Ieper ? Emergency zone Westhoek
??? ?? ????? ????? Ieper
??????? ???? Ieperaar ? Ieperling ? Yperlienk
????? ????? ???????
???? ???????
??????? Ieper
?????????? ??????? Arrondissement of Ypres
?????? ???? UTC+01:00
?????? ???? ??°??′?″N ?°??′?″E
????????? ?????????? Mayor of Ypres
????? Emmily Talpe
???? ?????? Cities and municipalities
?????????? ??????
?????? municipality seat in Vlamertinge
????????? Croix de guerre 1914?1918 ? Military Cross
?????? ?????? ???????? ????????
???? ????? 8900 ? 8902 ? 8904 ? 8908 ? 8906
Phone number +32-57-45-16-00
????????? ?????? mailto:info@ieper.be
????? https://www.ieper.be/
????? ???? flag of Ypres
????? ????? Q15637988
???????????? Q2374378
???? ??????? 057
Map

???? ??? ????? (?? ??????? : Ieper ? ?? ??????? : Ypres ) ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? .

????? [ ???????? ]

?? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????. [?] [?] [?] [?] ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????.

?????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . isites.harvard.edu . Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2015 . Retrieved 17 January 2022 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  2. ^ IBN JALDUN . 2006. ISBN   9788496556348 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  3. ^ Boissonnade (5 September 2013). Life & Work in Medieval Europe . ISBN   9781136196416 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  4. ^ "See chapter 5.6.2 (in Dutch)" . Ethesis.net . 1914-11-23 . Retrieved 2013-09-13 .

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