???????????
???	monotheistic religion ? ?????? ??????????????
????????	?. century BCE
??? ?? ????? ?????	?????????
?????	??? ? Samaritan
???????? ??????	Judah
??????????	????????
??	worldwide
????? ????????	???????????
Foundational text	?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???????
?????????? ???????	Jewish studies ? sociology of Jewry
?????	worldwide
?????????	Jewish leadership ? ???? ? Dayan
Represented by	Jewish religious community
??????? "???? ?????????"	https://judaism.stackexchange.com
?????	list of Jewish communities by country
?? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???

   ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? (???????????) .

??????????? ??? ??????? (?? ???????? : Judaism ? ?? ?????? : ???????? ‎)? ?? ???? Iudaismus ? ?????????? ? ?? ????????? ?? ???? Ioudaismos ? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? (?????-???????)? ????????? " ??????? ")? ????? ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????????? . ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? (??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ) ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?????????? . ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ^[?] ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ^[?] ?????? ??????? ???? ^[?] ? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????.

??????? ????? ? ???????? [ ???????? ]

?? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

?????????? [ ???????? ]

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??? ≪ ????? ≫ ????? ????????? . ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ? ? ?

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