?afijski mezheb

?afijski mezheb arapski : ???????? jest jedna od ?etiri pravne ?kole ( mezheba ) u sunitskom islamu . ^[1]^[2] Osniva? ove ?kole je bio Imam ?afija , "otac muslimanske jurisprudencije", ^[3] u ranom 9. stolje?u. ^[4]^[5]^[3]

Ostale tri ?kole sunitske ?kole (mezheba) su ?anafijska , malik?jska i hanbelijska ?kola. ^[1]^[2] Kao i druge ?kole fikha, ?afije priznaju prve ?etiri halife kao zakonite nasljednike Muhammeda i oslanja se na Kur'an i "provjerene (sahih)" knjige hadisa kao primarne izvore prava. ^[4]^[6] ?afijska ?kola potvrđuje autoritet i bo?anskog davanja zakona (Kur??n i Sunnet ) i ljudskih spekulacija u vezi sa Zakonom. ^[7] Tamo gdje su odlomci Kur??na i/ili hadisa dvosmisleni, ?kola tra?i smjernice Kijasa (analogno rezonovanje). ^[7]^[8] Id?ma (konsenzus u?enjaka ili zajednice) je "prihva?en, ali nije nagla?en". ^[7] ?kola je odbacila ovisnost o lokalnim tradicijama li?no mi?ljenje i Isti?s?n (pravna diskrecija) kao izvore pravnog presedana. ^[7]^[9]

?afijska ?kola je bila ?iroko pra?ena na Bliskom istoku sve do uspona Osmanlija i Safavida . ^[6]^[10] Trgovci su pomogli u ?irenju ?afijskog islama preko Indijskog okeana , sve do Indije i Jugoisto?ne Azije . ^[11]^[12] ?afijska ?kola danas se prete?no nalazi u dijelovima Hid?aza i Levanta , Donjeg Egipta i Jemena , te među kurdskim narodom , na Sjevernom Kavkazu i preko Indijskog okeana ( Rog Afrike i Svahilijske obale u Africi i priobalju Ju?ne i Jugoisto?ne Azije ). ^[13]^[14]^[1]^[15]

Reference [ uredi | uredi izvor ]

^ ^a ^b Hallaq 2009 , str. 31.
^ ^a ^b Saeed 2008 , str. 17.
^ ^a ^b "Ab? ?Abd All?h ash-Sh?fi??" . Encyclopaedia Britannica .
^ ^a ^b Ramadan 2006 , str. 27?77.
^ Kamali 2008 , str. 77.
^ ^a ^b Shanay, Bulend. "Shafi'iyyah" . University of Cumbria .
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Sh?fi??" . Encyclopaedia Britannica .
^ Hasyim 2005 , str. 75?77.
^ Chaumont, Eric (1997). "Al-Shafi". The Encyclopedia Of Islam . IX . Brill. str. 182?83.
^ Heffening, W. (1934). "Al-Shafi'i". The Encyclopaedia of Islam . IV . E. J. Brill. str. 252?53.
^ Christelow 2000 , str. 377.
^ Pouwels 2002 , str. 139.
^ "Islamic Jurisprudence & Law" . University of North Carolina .
^ "International Religious Freedom Report: Comoros" (PDF) . United States Department of State. 2013.
^ Ahmady, Kameel 2019: From Border to Border . Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. p 440 .

Bibliografija [ uredi | uredi izvor ]

Primarni izvori

Al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din (1393). Al-Bahr Al-Muhit Vol VI .
Khadduri, Majid (1961). 'Islamic Jurisprudence: Shafi ?ablon:Ayini 's Risala . Johns Hopkins University Press.
Al-Shafi ?ablon:Ayini : The Epistle on Legal Theory - Risalah fi usul al-fiqh . Prevod: Lowry, Joseph. New York University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0814769980 .

Akademski izvori

Hallaq, Wael B. (2009). An Introduction to Islamic Law . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 9780521678735 .
Saeed, Abdullah (2008). The Qur'an: An Introduction . Routledge. ISBN 978-0415421256 .
Ramadan, Hisham M. (2006). Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary . Rowman Altamira . ISBN 978-0-7591-0991-9 .
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2008). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction . Oneworld Publications . ISBN 978-1851685653 .
Hasyim, Syafiq (2005). Understanding Women in Islam: An Indonesian Perspective . Equinox. ISBN 978-9793780191 .
Hallaq, Wael B. (2009a). Shar?'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521861472 .
Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy . Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1780744209 .
Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003). Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present . Routledge. ISBN 978-0415297967 .
Dutton, Yasin (1999). The Origins of Islamic Law: The Qur?an, the Muwa??a? and Madinan ?Amal .
Haddad, Gibril F. (2007). The Four Imams and Their Schools . Muslim Academic Trust, London.
Pouwels, Randall L. (2002). Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521523097 .
Christelow, Allan (2000). Levtzion, Nehemia; Pouwels, Randall (ured.). "Islamic Law in Africa," in The History of Islam in Africa . Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0821412978 .
Zayn Kassam ; Bridget Blomfield (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective". u Farhad Daftory (ured.). The Shi'i World . I. B. Tauris Press.

Dodatna literatura [ uredi | uredi izvor ]

Al-Sh?fi??, Mu?ammad ibn Idr?s; Lowry, Joseph E. (2013). The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of Al-Shafi'i's Risalah . Prevod: Lowry, Joseph E. New York University Press. ISBN 9781479855445 . JSTOR j.ctt17mvkhj .
Cilardo, Agostino (2014). "Shafi?i Fiqh". u Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (ured.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God . ABC-CLIO.
Yahia, Mohyddin (2009). Shafi ?ablon:Ayini et les deux sources de la loi islamique , Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, ISBN 978-2-503-53181-6
Rippin, Andrew (2005). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 90?93. ISBN 0-415-34888-9 .
Calder, Norman, Jawid Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin (2003). Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature . London: Routledge. Section 7.1.
Schacht, Joseph (1950). The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence . Oxford: Oxford University. pp. 16.
Khadduri, Majid (1987). Islamic Jurisprudence: Shafi ?ablon:Ayini 's Risala . Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society. pp. 286.
Abd Majid, Mahmood (2007). Tajdid Fiqh Al-Imam Al-Syafi'i . Seminar pemikiran Tajdid Imam As Shafie 2007.
al-Shafi ?ablon:Ayini , Muhammad b. Idris, "The Book of the Amalgamation of Knowledge" translated by A.Y. Musa in Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam , New York: Palgrave, 2008

Također pogledajte [ uredi | uredi izvor ]

Pravci u islamu

[FOOTNOTEHallaq200931-1] Hallaq 2009 , str. 31.

[FOOTNOTESaeed200817-2] Saeed 2008 , str. 17.

[:2-3] "Ab? ?Abd All?h ash-Sh?fi??" . Encyclopaedia Britannica .

[FOOTNOTERamadan200627–77-4] Ramadan 2006 , str. 27?77.

[FOOTNOTEKamali200877-5] Kamali 2008 , str. 77.

[:0-6] Shanay, Bulend. "Shafi'iyyah" . University of Cumbria .

[EB-Shafi'i-7] "Sh?fi??" . Encyclopaedia Britannica .

[FOOTNOTEHasyim200575–77-8] Hasyim 2005 , str. 75?77.

[:3-9] Chaumont, Eric (1997). "Al-Shafi". The Encyclopedia Of Islam . IX . Brill. str. 182?83.

[:4-10] Heffening, W. (1934). "Al-Shafi'i". The Encyclopaedia of Islam . IV . E. J. Brill. str. 252?53.

[FOOTNOTEChristelow2000377-11] Christelow 2000 , str. 377.

[FOOTNOTEPouwels2002139-12] Pouwels 2002 , str. 139.

[:1-13] "Islamic Jurisprudence & Law" . University of North Carolina .

[1a-14] "International Religious Freedom Report: Comoros" (PDF) . United States Department of State. 2013.

[15] Ahmady, Kameel 2019: From Border to Border . Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. p 440 .

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