??????????? ?????????????
Kalifiezh an Omeiaded
|
Kalifiezh
|
|
Kalifiezh an Omeiaded e 750
|
Ker-benn
|
|
Yezh(ou)
|
ofisiel:
arabeg klasel
ofisiel e broiou zo betek 700:
kopteg
,
gresianeg
,
latin
,
perseg
Yezhou all:
arameeg
,
turkeg
,
berbereg
,
romaneg afrikan
,
mozarabeg
,
sindeg
,
jorjieg
,
prakriteg
,
kurdeg
|
Relijion
|
Islam
|
Framm politikel
|
Kalifiezh
|
Kalif
(
Amir al-Mu'minin
)
|
- 661?680
|
Muawiya I
an
(kentan)
|
- 744?750
|
Marwan II
(diwezhan)
|
Istor
|
|
-
Emglev Hasan?Muawiya
|
661
|
-
Dispac'h an Abbasided
|
750
|
Gorread
|
- 720
[1]
|
11 100 000 km
2
4 285 734 sq mi
|
|
Kalifiezh an Omeiaded
(661?750, en
arabeg
??????????? ?????????????
al-Khil?fah al-?Umaw?yah
)
[2]
a oa an eil eus ar peder
c'halifiezh
vras diazezet goude marv
Mahomed
. Renet e oa ar galifiezh gant dinastiezh an
Omeiaded
(??????????????,
al-?Umaw?y?n
, pe ????? ????????,
Ban? ?Umayyah
, "mibien
Umayyah
").
Othman ibn Affan
(ren : 644?656), an trede eus kalifed
Rashidun
, a oa ezel eus ar c'hlann-se ivez. Erruout a reas an dierniezh er galloud gant
Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
, bet e-pad pell gouarnour
Siria
, a zeuas da vezan ar c'hwec'hvet kalif goude dibenn ar
Fitna kentan
e 661. Goude marv Muawiya e 680 e tigoras stourmou da c'hounit an tron e-pad an
eil Fitna
[3]
ha kouezhan a reas ar galloud etre daouarn
Marwan I
an
, ezel eus ur skourr all eus ar c'hlann. Siria a chomas kreizenn galloud an Omeiaded ha
Damask
e oa o c'her-benn.
Kenderc'hel a reas an Omeiaded gant
aloubadegou ar Vuzulmaned
. Lakaat a rejont lezenn an Islam da ren e
Transoxiana
, er
Sindh
, er
Maghreb
hag e
Ledenez Iberia
(
Al-Andalus
). Pa oa ar galifiezh en he brasan e oa 11 100 000 km2 dindani
[1]
, ar pezh a rae anezhi unan eus ar
brasan impalaeriezhou en Istor
e-kenver ar gorread. Diskaret e voe an dynastiezh er pep brasan eus ar bed islamek gant
un emsavadeg
renet gant an
Abbasided
e 750. Ar re a chomas bev en em ziazezas e
Cordoba
a zeuas da vezan, dindan stumm un
emirelezh
hag ur
galifiezh
goude-se, ur greizenn evit ar skiant, ar vezegiezh, ar brederouriezh hag an ijinadennou er bed e-doug an
Oadvezh aour islamek
[4]
[5]
.
Kalifiezh an Omeiaded a renas war ur boblans vras, enni meur a genel hag a sevenadur. Aotreet e oa ar
gristenien
, anezhe ar brasan niver eus poblans ar galifiezh c'hoazh, hag ar
Yuzevien
da gaout o relijion dezhe o-unan met dleet e oa dezhe paean un dell (ar
jizia
) na veze ket paet gant muzulmiz
[6]
. Ret e oa d'ar re-se paean ar
zakat
, un taos a oa he fal arc'hantan
programmou skoazell
[7]
[8]
evit mad Muzulmiz
[9]
. Dindan ar c'hentan kalifed, e oa dalc'het kargou uhel gant kristenien. Lod anezhe a oa izili eus tiegezhiou o doa servijet en
gouarnamant ar Vizantiz
. Implijout kristenien a oa ul lodenn eus ur politikerezh brasoc'h da lakaat ar peoc'h da ren etre ar relijionou hag a oa hollret rak niverus-kenan e oa ar gristenien er provinsou kemeret, koulz hag e Siria. Ar politikerezh-se a lakaas Mu'awiya da c'hounit brud-vat e-touez e sujidi hag a grenvaas Siria
[10]
[11]
. Sellet e vez alies ouzh marevezh an Omeiaded evel ar prantad ma tiorroas an
arz islamek
[12]
.
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.
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The Early Islamic Conquests
. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
ISBN 978-1-4008-4787-7
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