???????????, ????? ???????? ????
???????
???????? ???????
???? ????????
??????????? ????? ?????
???????? ?????? ????????
[?]
(
???
:
Космическая программа СССР
,
?????????????:
Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR
) ???
??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????
(????????) -??
?????? ?????? ????????
, ?? ???? ???? ???? ????
???????? ????????? ????????
??????? ??????? ????
[?]
????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???; ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? (??-? ????????) ???? ????? ?????????? (
???????? ?
) ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (
?????
) ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????
???? ??????????
??????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????
???????????? ?????????
??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????: ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????
??????? ?????????
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????
???? ??
?? ???????? ????? ????
[?]
[?]
???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????
[?]
??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
??????? ?
??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????
[?]
?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????
[?]
[?]
- ↑
Reichl, Eugen (????)?
The Soviet Space Program: The Lunar Mission Years: 1959?1976
(?????? ??????)? Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Limited? ?????? 160?
????????
978-0-7643-5675-9
? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????
?
- ↑
"Space Race Timeline"
?
- ↑
"Famous firsts in space"
?
cnn.com
? Cable News Network? ????-??-??
? ???????? ????? ????-??-??
?
- ↑
Article title
- ↑
"Behind the Iron Curtain: The Soviet Venera program"
? ????? ??, ?????
- ↑
Brian Dunbar (????-??-??)?
"50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station"
?
NASA.gov
? National Aeronautics and Space Administration? ????-??-?? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????-??-??
?
- ↑
Sheehan, Michael (????)?
The international politics of space
? London: Routledge? ?????? 59?61?
????????
978-0-415-39917-3
?
- ↑
Burgess, Colin; Hall, Rex (????)?
The first Soviet cosmonaut team: their lives, legacy, and historical impact
? Berlin: Springer? ?????? 331?
????????
978-0-387-84823-5
?
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