??????????? ?????

	????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???
	?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????

Singapore
??????? ????????
	????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???
	?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????
??????????? ????????
	???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????????
	??????? ??????????? ??? ??????

??????????? ?????
??????	??????
?????	??????-????? ??????
?????????	?°??′ ????? ???°??′ ????? / ?.???° ????? ???.???° ?????
?????	?????
? ???	??? ???? ? (??? ?? ? )
? ???????	98.57%
? ?????	1.43%
?????????	??? ???? (??? ??)
??????	???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???, ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???? ????? ???, ???????? ??????????? ????????
???????? ??????	????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ( [ ????????: ?????????? ??? ] )
????????? ??????	???? ??????? , ?????? ??? ????
??????? ???	??? ??? ?? ???? (? ??)
??????? ????	???
??????????? ????????? ?????	?,??? ???? ? (??? ?? ? )

????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???, ???? ????????, ????? ???-????? , ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???.? ????????????? (???.? ?? ^?)? ^[?]

????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? (?? ??) ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? (?? ??) ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? (??? ??)? ?? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?.??? ????? (? ?? ?.? ?????) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ^[?] ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?,??? ???? ^? (??? ?? ^?) ?

????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????

??-??????? [ ???????? ]

??????????? ?????? ??????? ????-?????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ????? ???? , ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????

??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? , ??? ????? (??? ???) ???? ??? ??????? ???? , ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????-??????? ??????? ??????? ???, ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???, ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????

????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ???? ?????? ????-?? ???? ???.? ???? ^? ???? ????? ?? ???.? ???? ^? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????

??????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ( ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ) ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????, ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???, ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?,??? ???? (??.? ?????)? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???.? ???? (??.? ?????) (? ???????? ????) ????? ?????? , ??? ???? (??.? ?????) (????) ??? ??? ???? (??.? ?????) (?? ???????? ????)? ^[?]

????????? ????????? ?? °?? (??.? °??) ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? °?? (??.? °??)? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ^[?] ???????? ?????? ????????? ??.? °?? (??.? °??) ?? ?????? ????? ^[?] ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??.? °?? (??.? °??) ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ^[?] ????????? ???????? ??.? °?? (??.? °??) ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? °?? (?? °??) ?????? ????? ^{[
????????? ????????
]}

??????? ?????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????-????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? - ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????????? (????????)-? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ^[?]

???? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? (??????) ?????????? ??? ??, ??? ??????+? ???? ????? ?????? ???, ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????

???????
???????????	?????	???????
??:?? - ??:??	??:?? - ??:??	??:?? - ??:??

???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????-?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????-????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????

?????????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? (????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????) ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????, ?? ?????????? ???, ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????

???????? ??? ???? ????? [ ???????? ]

?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???, ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ???, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????, ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????

?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???? ???????????????? ??-????????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??% ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????

?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? '??????? ????' ???? ??????? ^[?]

????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????; ??????, ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ^[?]

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^? ^? "Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2017" ? Department of Statistics Singapore ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?
↑ "Singapore Government Weather System" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ Meteorological Services Division, National Environmental Agency http://www.nea.gov.sg
↑ "???????????????? ???????" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ "Records of Climate Station Extreme" ? Weather Statistics ? National Environment Agency? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ "National Day Rally 2019: Three-pronged approach for Singapore to tackle climate change" ? Straits Times ? ?? ????? ????? ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]}
↑ "Interesting facts of our Garden City" ? National Parks Board? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?
↑ Overland, Indra et al. (2017) Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier , Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).

????????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????
????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
??????????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? ??????
CNN.com - ???????? - ?????????
????????:
- http://www.worldexecutes.com/cityguides/singapur/maps.html ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????
- http://www.urbanrail.net/as/sing/singapur.htm
- http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/singapor.htm

[Department_of_Statistics_Singapore-1] ? ^? "Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2017" ? Department of Statistics Singapore ? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?

[2] "Singapore Government Weather System" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?

[3] Meteorological Services Division, National Environmental Agency http://www.nea.gov.sg

[4] "???????????????? ???????" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?

[www.weather.gov.sg-5] "Records of Climate Station Extreme" ? Weather Statistics ? National Environment Agency? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?

[6] "National Day Rally 2019: Three-pronged approach for Singapore to tackle climate change" ? Straits Times ? ?? ????? ????? ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]}

[7] "Interesting facts of our Garden City" ? National Parks Board? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

[8] Overland, Indra et al. (2017) Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier , Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

?? ? ??????? ?????
???????? ???	?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???
????? ??????????????? ???	????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
???????? ????????? ?????	???????? ????? ????? (?????) ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????