??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? - ?????? ??????????

?????? ??????????
??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???
${\displaystyle G_{\mu \nu }+\Lambda g_{\mu \nu }={\frac {8\pi G}{c^{4}}}T_{\mu \nu }}$
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????
???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????
?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????
?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????-??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????
?????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????-?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???-???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????-??????? ???????
???????? ?????????? ??????-?????? ?????????? ???????
???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????
?? ?

?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??, ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????-????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????-????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????

?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????-????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????

????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???, ????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????

????? ???? ?????? ?????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????????? (?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???) ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? , ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????

??? ???? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ( ????????? ???? ) ?????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ^[?]

????????? ???? [ ???????? ]

????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????, ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? (?????????) ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ?? (?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????) ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ^[?]

????????? ???????????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ??, "????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????"? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ^[?]

??????? ? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????:

• ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????
• ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?.?? ?????/??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????

???????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????

????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??, ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ^[?] ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????

??? ????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ? ??????? [ ???????? ]

1. ↑ Renn 2005 , p. 110ff. ???? ??, Pais 1982 ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? Janssen 2005 ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? Schutz 2003 , chapters 2?4 ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? Pais 1982 , p. 178.
2. ↑ Wheeler 1990 - ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???
3. ↑ ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? - Norton 1985 .
4. ↑ E. g. Janssen 2005 , p. 64f. ????????? ????? ??? ??-?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? Stachel 1989 .