????? ?? - ??????????? ???????????? ????

????? ??

???????????, ????? ???????? ????

????? ??

???????? ???

??????????? ???????

???????

???????? ?????? ?????????

?????????? ????

????-????

?????

???????? ???????

? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????

??????????? ?????? ????????????

??

??????????? ?????????

?????????

????? ???-?? ??. ?

??????????? ???

????????????

??????????? ???? ?????? (?????-?)

???????? ??

???? ???? ^[?]

????? ??

???? ????

??????????

??????????? ????

?

?????

?????? ???????
???? ??????????? ??????

??????

Урал ( Ural - "?????")

???????? ????

???????? ?????

?? ?????????? ????, ??:??:?? ??????

???????? ????

???????? ?????

???????? , ???? ?/? ^[?]

???????? ???????

??????? ?????

?? ?????????? ????, ??:??:?? ??????

??????? ?????

????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????-??????, ??????????

???????? ?????????????

???? ????????

??????????? ?????? ^[?]

???

????? ?????? ??????

???.? ????

???.? ????

??.?°

??.? ?????

????????? ????????? ?????

????? ????????
← ????? ??	????? ?? →

????? ?? ( ??? : Союз 12 , ??????? ??) ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?

???? ??????? [ ???????? ]

??: ?,??? ???? (??,??? ??) ^[?]
??????: ???.? ???? (???.? ??) ^[?]
????????: ???.? ???? (???.? ??)
???????: ??.?°
???????: ??.? ??????

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????-? ?????? ?????? ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^? ^? "Display: Soyuz 12 1973-067A" ? NASA? ?? ?? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
↑ "Baikonur LC1" ? Encyclopedia Astronautica? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?
↑ ^? ^? "Trajectory: Soyuz 12 1973-067A" ? NASA? ?? ?? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???????

????????? [ ???????? ]

??? ?????

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966?1970)	Kosmos 133 † Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 † (uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1 † Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 ????? ? (uncrewed) ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
????? 7K-L1 (1967?1970) ( Zond lunar programme )	Kosmos 146 154 † Zond 1967A † 1967B † Zond 4 1968A † 1968B † 5 6 1969A † Zond-M 1 † M 2 † Zond 7 8 9 10
????? 7K-L1E (1969?1970)	????? 7K-L1E No.1 † Kosmos 382
????? 7K-LOK (1971?1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 † No.2 †
????? 7K-OKS (1971)	????? ?? † ?? †
Soyuz 7K-T (1972?1981)	Kosmos 496 573 ????? ?? Kosmos 613 ????? ?? Kosmos 656 ????? ?? ?? † ?? 18a † ?? 20 (uncrewed) 21 23 † 24 25 † 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33 † 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974?1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 ( Apollo?Soyuz ) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974?1976)	Kosmos 670 772 † 869 †
Soyuz-T (1978?1986)	Kosmos 1001 † 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8 † T-9 T-10a † T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986?2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002?2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010?2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016?present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10 † MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed test flight) MS-15 MS-16 MS-17 MS-18 MS-19 MS-20 MS-21 MS-22 (uncrewed landing) MS-23 (uncrewed launch)

Current missions

MS-24

Future missions

2024
- MS-25

Uncrewed missions are designated as Kosmos instead of Soyuz ; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions. Italics designates cancelled missions.

????????:Orbital launches in 1973

' https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=?????_??&oldid=7295873 ' ???? ????

?????????? ????? ??????

?????? ???????????: