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????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? (William the Conqueror; ???. ???? - ?? ?????????? , ???? ) ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???

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??????? [ ???????? ]

  1. The exact date of William's birth is confused by contradictory statements by the Norman chroniclers. Orderic Vitalis has William on his deathbed claim that he was 64 years old, which would place his birth around 1023. But elsewhere, Orderic states that William was 8 years old when his father left for Jerusalem in 1035, placing the year of birth in 1027. William of Malmesbury gives an age of 7 for William when his father left, giving 1028. Another source, De Obitu Willelmi , states that William was 59 years old when he died in 1087, allowing for either 1028 or 1029. [?]
  2. This made Emma of Normandy his great-aunt and Edward the Confessor his cousin. [?] [?]
  3. ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????-????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? [?]
  4. ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? [?]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. " William the Conqueror " History of the Monarchy
  2. ? ? ? ? Douglas William the Conqueror pp. 379?382
  3. Douglas William the Conqueror p. 417
  4. Douglas William the Conqueror p. 420
  5. van Houts "Les femmes" Tabularia "Etudes" pp. 19?34