??? ??????????? ????? ?????????
????? ????????? (????)
Papacy began	?? ?????? ????
Papacy ended	?? ??????????? ????
??????????	??? ???????? ?? ??
???????	??? ?????????
????
???????	?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
?????????	28 May 1977 Josef Stangl ??????
??????? ?????????	27 June 1977 Paul VI ??????
????????? ?????
???? ???	Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
????	( ????-??-?? ) ?? ?????? ???? Marktl , Germany
??????	?? ???????? ???? (2022-12-31) (???? ??) ????????? ????
????????	German (with Vatican citizenship)
????????	Mater Ecclesiae Monastery
????????	Joseph Ratzinger, Sr. and Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner)
?????????? ??	Archbishop of Munich and Freising (1977?1982) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino (1977?1993) President of the International Theological Commission (1981?2005) Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981?2005) President of the Pontifical Biblical Commission (1981?2005) Cardinal-Bishop of Velletri-Segni (1993?2005) Dean of the College of Cardinals (2002?2005) Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia (2002?2005)
?????????	Cooperatores veritatis (cooperators of the truth) [?]
????????
????????
Benedict ????? ???????? ???

??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ( ????? : Benedictus XVI ; ??????? : Benedetto XVI ; ????: ?????? ??????? ???????? ; ??????? ???????: [?joːz?f ?al??zj?s ??ats?ŋ?] ; ?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ????) ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ^[?] ??? ???????? ?? ?? -?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???

???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ^[?]

????????? [ ???????? ]

???:????? [ ???????? ]