???????????, ????? ???????? ????
?????
?? ????
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, ?????? ??
?????
?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??
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??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? (?? ????? ????? ????) ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? (????????), ????-????????? ?????, ??????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????????
????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
???????
?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????
[?]
- ↑
Kendall G.; Parkes A.; and Spoerer K. (2008)
A Survey of NP-Complete Puzzles
, International Computer Games Association Journal, 31(1), pp 13?34.