????? ???

????? ??? ; Eneolithic, Aeneolithic ; ???? ??? / ???????????? ; ?? ???????: ????? ; ???????? ;
	↑ Stone Age ; ↑ Neolithic
	Near East Naqada culture Uruk period , Halaf culture Europe Pit Grave culture , Corded Ware Cernavod? culture , Decea Mure?ului culture , Gorne?ti culture , Gumelni?a?Karanovo culture , Petre?ti culture , Usatovo culture Remedello culture , Gaudo culture India Ahar-Banas culture , Jorwe China Mesoamerica
	Metallurgy , Wheel , ; Domestication of the horse ,
	↓ Bronze Age

????? ??? ( ???? ??? ), ??, ???????????? ??? ( ??????: / ? k æ l k ? l ? l ? θ ? k / ; ^[?] ????? : χαλκ?? khalkos , " copper " and λ?θο? lithos , " stone ") ^[?], ?? ????????? ('Eneolithic') ^[?] ?? Æneolithic ( ??????? : aeneus , ????: " ??????? ????"), ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^? ^? ^? The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) ???????? ?-??-??????-X , p. 301: " Chalcolithic /,kælk?l'l?θ?k/ adjective Archaeology of, relating to, or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, chiefly in the Near East and SE Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character. Also called Eneolithic ... Also called Copper Age - Origin early 20th cent.: from Greek khalkos 'copper' + lithos 'stone' + -ic ".

????????? [ ???????? ]

Parpola, Asko (????)? "Study of the Indus script"? Transactions of the 50th International Conference of Eastern Studies (??????) ? Tokyo: The Toho Gakkai? ?????? 28?66? .
Bogucki, Peter (????)? "Copper Age of Eastern Europe"? The Atlas of World Archaeology ? London: Sandcastle Books? ?????? 66? .
Evans, John (????)? The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain ? London: Longmans, Green, and Company? ?????? 197 ? .
Hogan, C. Michael (2007) Los Silillos , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham [?]
Pleger, T. C. (????)? "A Brief Introduction to the Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes: 4000-1000 BCE"? Proceedings of Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of Forest History Association of Wisconsin ? Oconto, Wisconsin: Forest History Association of Wisconsin?
Possehl, Gregory L. (1996). Mehrgarh in Oxford Companion to Archaeology , edited by Brian Fagan. Oxford University Press.

???:????? [ ???????? ]

'Chalcolithic Era' ; Elizabeth F. Henrickson . Encyclopædia Iranica 1991 .

[OED-Chalcolithic-1] ? ^? ^? The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) ???????? ?-??-??????-X , p. 301: " Chalcolithic /,kælk?l'l?θ?k/ adjective Archaeology of, relating to, or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, chiefly in the Near East and SE Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character. Also called Eneolithic ... Also called Copper Age - Origin early 20th cent.: from Greek khalkos 'copper' + lithos 'stone' + -ic ".

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