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????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????,
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????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
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????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????, De Dion-Bouton ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ???? ????
????????? ??????
???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? Netphener ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? Gottlieb Daimler ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????: Peugeot ,Renault ??? Bussing ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? Autocar ???????? ?????? ? ??? ? ???????????? ?????? ????
?????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????, ?, ? ??? ? ????????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
????? ???????? ?????
???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? 1930 ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? "DC" ???? (diesel conventional) ?????? ???????? ???? ???, ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????
?????(Truck) ?????? ???????
(truckle) ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? "??? ????" (small wheel) ???? "????" (pulley) ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? trokell ???? ?????? trochlea.?????? ???????? ??? ??????? "???????" (trochlea) ??? ???? "??? ?????"?
???????? , ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? (τροχ??) ???? ?????? ???, ??? ???? "????", ??? ??????? ???????? ???? (ρρ?χειν, "??????")?
????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????,??? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? "???? ????? ???? ????" ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????
"???" ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ( "????????? ??????" ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? "???")? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? lurry ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? "???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ?????" ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???, "???" ?????? ???? ???? ?????-???? ???? Wagon ?? ???? ??????? ???
??????????? ?????? ????????
??????? ?????????????, ?????? ??? ????????? "?????" ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????????????, ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? "?????" ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ute ("????????" ?? ????????? ???) ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? (bakkie)?????? (????????: "??? ???? ????") ???? ??????????, ????, ???????????, ?????????, ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????
????? ??????? ?????
??????? ???? (Ultra Light)
???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????
????????? ??????
???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? (??????? ????????????? ????
???? ??????
?????? ?????????????) ?? ??????? ???????? ????
??? ?????? (Very light) ?????
?? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? Piaggio ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? "?????? ???"(old city) ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????
?? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????????? "kei car" ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???( ???????? ??? ???? ????????????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????)? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ???? ATV ?? ???? ???????????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??./????? (?? ??.??./ ?????) ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ( ?????????????, ?????? ??????????? ???, ??????????????? ?????), ????????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ??????, ????????????? ???????????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????
??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????
- ?????? ???????? (Honda Acty)
- ???????? ?????? (Daihatsu Hijet)
- ???? ??? (Tata Ace)
- ?????? ?????? (Suzuki Carry)
- ?????? ??????? (Subaru Sambar)
- ????????? ?????????
( Mitsubishi Minicab)
- ????? ??????? (Mazda Scrum)
?????? ?? ????? (Light) ?????
:
?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? (??????????? ??,??? ?????? ?? ?.? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???)? ?????? ?.? ?? ?? ?,??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? (car) ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????????, ??????, ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????
????? (Medium) ?????:
?????(Medium Truck) ????????? ?????? ?????(Light Truck) ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? (Heavy Truck) ???? ???? ????????????? ??,??? ???? ??,??? ??????(?.?-??.? ??) ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?.?- ?.? ??(?,???-??,??? ??????) ???????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ( ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????) ??????? ?? ????????????
???? ( Heavy) ?????:
?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?*? ??? ?*? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????
???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??,??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????
?? ??? (Off Road) ??????
?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????, ????? ???????????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????- Liebherr T 282B ?????? ??????
??? ??????? ???????? ?????(Maximum sizes by country):
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?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???, ???????, ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ????, ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????- ???? B-Double Can ?? ??? ??.? ?? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???,??? ?????? ??? ??.? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????
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???? (Design)
??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ?????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ??????, ????????, ???????, ??????, ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? Pneumatic , hydraulic , water ,??? electrical ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????
????? (Cab)
????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
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????? ???? ?????? (COE) ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???, ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?-????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? Viktor Schreckengost ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????
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