???????

??????? (????: ??????? , ?????????????: ????????? , ?????? '???') ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????, ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????

??????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?'? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? (??-????? ?? ?????) ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???, ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? (???????????) ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? (????????? ????????) ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ^[?] ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ^[?] ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????-?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ^[?]

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↑ Wensinck Arent Jan, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition-volume-4, Ka?ba , ?????? 317
↑ ^? ^? Wensinck Arent Jan, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition-volume-4, Ka?ba , ?????? 318

?? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????

[1] Wensinck Arent Jan, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition-volume-4, Ka?ba , ?????? 317

[Wensinck_Arent_Jan_318-2] ? ^? Wensinck Arent Jan, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition-volume-4, Ka?ba , ?????? 318

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