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?????????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ^[??]

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???? ??????? ?????? ???, “????? ??????? ????, ??????????, ?????, ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????” ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???, “???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???” ^[?]

????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???: ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^? ^? Ganguly, Deepankar? "Hawkers stay as Rs. 265 crore talks" ? The Telegraph , 30 November 2006? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? "Oh Kolkata! Pavements are for pedestrians" ? A Better Kolkata ? The Statesman , 10 June 2002? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? Chakraborty, Satyesh C., The Growth of Calcutta in the Twentieth Century , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, Edited by Chaudhuri, Sukanta , 1990/2005, Page 7, Table 2, ???????? ??? ?????? X
↑ Nilanjana Chatterjee, The East Bengal Refugees, A lesson in Survival , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, p. 70.
↑ ^? ^? ^? Datta, Bhabatosh, The Economy of Calcutta, Today and Tomorrow , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, pp. 96-104.
↑ ^? ^? Ghosh, Ambikaprasad, The Demography of Calcutta , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, p. 51, 57.
↑ " ' Bengal fifth most attractive destination ' " ? The Hindu Business Line , 19 February 2008? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Edited by Ananya Roy, and Nezar Alsayyad? "Urban Informality" ? 6. The Gentleman’s City ? Business and Economics ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ [Bandyopadhyay Ritajyoti (2009): Archiving from Below: The Case of the Mobilised Hawkers in Calcutta, Sociological Research Online, Volume 14, Issue 5,< http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/5/7.html >.See ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]} also, Bandyopadhyay Ritajyoti (2009): Hawkers' Movement in Kolkata, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 44, No.17].
↑ ^? ^? Ganguly, Deepankar? "So long sunshine, hello hawkers" ? The Telegraph , 23 February 2006 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Glare on hawkers and car chaos - Court seeks status report with time frame for pavements and traffic flow" ? The Telegraph , 13 March 2007 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Free roads or court trouble - Hawkers like cancer, says chief justice" ? The Telegraph , 20 May 2006 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "A roadmap for hawkers off roads" ? The Telegraph , 22 March 2007 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "State to regulate hawker movement in Kolkata" ? The Statesman, 28 July 2005? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Telegraph1-1] ? ^? Ganguly, Deepankar? "Hawkers stay as Rs. 265 crore talks" ? The Telegraph , 30 November 2006? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Statesman1-2] ? ^? "Oh Kolkata! Pavements are for pedestrians" ? A Better Kolkata ? The Statesman , 10 June 2002? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Chakraborty-3] ? ^? Chakraborty, Satyesh C., The Growth of Calcutta in the Twentieth Century , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, Edited by Chaudhuri, Sukanta , 1990/2005, Page 7, Table 2, ???????? ??? ?????? X

[4] Nilanjana Chatterjee, The East Bengal Refugees, A lesson in Survival , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, p. 70.

[Datta-5] ? ^? ^? Datta, Bhabatosh, The Economy of Calcutta, Today and Tomorrow , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, pp. 96-104.

[Ghosh-6] ? ^? Ghosh, Ambikaprasad, The Demography of Calcutta , in Calcutta:The Living City , Vol II, p. 51, 57.

[7] " ' Bengal fifth most attractive destination ' " ? The Hindu Business Line , 19 February 2008? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[8] Edited by Ananya Roy, and Nezar Alsayyad? "Urban Informality" ? 6. The Gentleman’s City ? Business and Economics ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[9] [Bandyopadhyay Ritajyoti (2009): Archiving from Below: The Case of the Mobilised Hawkers in Calcutta, Sociological Research Online, Volume 14, Issue 5,< http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/5/7.html >.See ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]} also, Bandyopadhyay Ritajyoti (2009): Hawkers' Movement in Kolkata, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 44, No.17].

[Telegraph2-10] ? ^? Ganguly, Deepankar? "So long sunshine, hello hawkers" ? The Telegraph , 23 February 2006 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Telegraph3-11] "Glare on hawkers and car chaos - Court seeks status report with time frame for pavements and traffic flow" ? The Telegraph , 13 March 2007 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Telegraph-12] "Free roads or court trouble - Hawkers like cancer, says chief justice" ? The Telegraph , 20 May 2006 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[13] "A roadmap for hawkers off roads" ? The Telegraph , 22 March 2007 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[14] "State to regulate hawker movement in Kolkata" ? The Statesman, 28 July 2005? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

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