???????????, ????? ???????? ????
??????? ????? ????/?????
?????
(
a?k?m
,
????
:
?????
"?????", ??????? (
?ukm
) ?????? (
?????
) ???? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????
?????
?????? ?????, ????, ???????? ?? ??????'? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????
[?]
???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ????????? ??????'? ???????? (
?????? ??????
) ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
[?]
??????? ????? ???????
???????
????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? "?????? ?????"
(??-????? ??-?????)
?????? ??????: ???????????
(???????)
, ???????
(?????????)
, ????????
(??????)
, ?????????
(???????)
??? ???????
(?????)
? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???, ?????????
??????????
(???) ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????
[?]
??????? ?????????
[
????????
]
???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? "?????? ?????" (
??????? ??????
,
??-????? ??-?????
) ?????? ??????:
[?]
- ??????? (????) - ???????????
- ????????? (?????) - ???????
- ?????? (????) - ????????, ??????'? ???? ????? ???
- ??????? (?????) - ??????, ?????????
- ????? (????) - ???????
??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???
[?]
[?]
?????? ??????? ?????
[
????????
]
??????? ????? "?????" ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ????? (????) ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ????, ????, ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????; ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ???, ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????
[?]
???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????; ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? (????-????) ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? - ?????
(??????)
, ?????? ??????
(?????)
, ?????? ???
(??????????? ???)
??? ?????
(?????)
?
[?]
????? ??????
[
????????
]
???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????????: ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ???
??????
???? ?????
[?]
:
???
- ↑
?
?
?
John L. Esposito, ??????? (????)?
"Hukm"
?
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
? Oxford University Press?
- ↑
?
?
Vikør, Knut S. (????)?
"Shar??ah"
? Emad El-Din Shahin?
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
? Oxford University Press? ????-??-?? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ????-??-??
?
- ↑
Hallaq, Wael B.
(????)?
An Introduction to Islamic Law
? Cambridge University Press? ??????
20
?
- ↑
?
?
Kayadibi, Saim (????)?
Principles of Islamic Law and the Methods of Interpretation of the Texts (U??l al-Fiqh)
? Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust? ?????? 106?
????????
978 967 0526 33 1
?
- ↑
Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (?? ????? ????)?
The Laws of Islam
(??????)
(English ??????)? Enlight Press?
????????
978-0994240989
? ? ????? ???? ??????
???
(??????)
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????
?
