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???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? , ?? ??????? , ????? ?????? , ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????-?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? "????? ????????? ??????? ??????? (????)" ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??, ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[?]

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???????? [ ???????? ]

• ??????-?-????? (????);
• ??????-?-???????? (????) (?????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????);
• ????? ??????? ???????? (????);
• ????? ??? (????)

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• ???????
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• Banglapedia: Shamsuddin, Abul Kalam