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HI , NI (??????)
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???????? ????	????????? ????????? ????????? ; Ultracentrifuge s development ; Martensite and Morphology
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????? ????? ??? ^{[??? ?]} ( ????? : ????? ??? ?????? ??? ‎‎; ?????? : Abdul Qadeer Khan ) (?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??????? ????) ?????????? ????????????? ?????-?-????????? ( ????? : ???? ???????? ‎‎; ???????????: ??????????? ???????), ??? ???????? ?? ?. ???. ??? , ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ? ^[?] ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????-???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ^[?] ???? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????? (??????) ?????????? ????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????????????????, ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????-?? ????? ??????

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↑ ??????????, ?? ?. ???. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????-?-?????????' ( ????? : ???? ???????? ‎‎; ???????????: ??????????? ???????) ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? (?????) ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? Abdul Qaudeer Khan ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? Abdul Qadir Khan ?? Abdul Kadeer Khan ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? Gaudeer ?? Gadeer ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? "Abdul Qadeer Khan" ???? ???????

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↑ "??? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????????" ? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ???? ? ???????? ????? ??-??-???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????=, |????????-?????= ( ??????? )
↑ "??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????" ? BBC News ????? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ (IISS), International Institute for Strategic Studies (2006)? "?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???" ? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |????????-?????= ( ??????? )
↑ ?????? ?????????? (???? ??, ????)? "He Changed History" ? ??????? ????? ?????

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????????? Ishfaq Ahmad	Science Advisor to the Presidential Secretariat ??? ?????????, ???? ? ???? ?????????, ????	????????? Atta ur Rahman

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[name-2] ??????????, ?? ?. ???. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????-?-?????????' ( ????? : ???? ???????? ‎‎; ???????????: ??????????? ???????) ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? (?????) ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? Abdul Qaudeer Khan ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? Abdul Qadir Khan ?? Abdul Kadeer Khan ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? Gaudeer ?? Gadeer ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? "Abdul Qadeer Khan" ???? ???????

[1] "??? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????????" ? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ???? ? ???????? ????? ??-??-???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????=, |????????-?????= ( ??????? )

[3] "??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????" ? BBC News ????? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies-4] (IISS), International Institute for Strategic Studies (2006)? "?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???" ? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |????????-?????= ( ??????? )

[The_New_York_Review_of_Books-5] ?????? ?????????? (???? ??, ????)? "He Changed History" ? ??????? ????? ?????

[?]

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?? ? ???????-???
?????????	Ras Koh Hills Chagai District Kala-Chitta Mountain Range Kirana Hills Kharan Desert Kahuta
?????? ??????????	Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) Defence Science and Technology Organization (DESTO) High Tension Laboratory (HTL) Institute of Theoretical Physics Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
?????????	???????? ??? ?????? Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Zahid Ali Akbar Khan Rahimuddin Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan Mubashir Hassan
??????????	Munir Ahmad Khan ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? Riazuddin Ishfaq Ahmad Raziuddin Siddiqui Samar Mubarakmand Anwar Ali Masud Ahmad Asghar Qadir Noor M. Butt Hafeez Qureshi Władysław Turowicz Sultan Mahmood
????????? ??????	History of nuclear weapons Pakistan and Nuclear weapons ????????? ??????? Soviet atomic bomb project ??????-I The Wah Group Nuclear Physics Group Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) Special Development Works (SDW) His Majesty’s Explosive (HMX)
??? ?????: Nuclear power in Pakistan