?????

????????????
?????
	"J?nan" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
??????? ????	?南
?????????? ????	濟南
??????? ????	"South of the Ji [River]"
???-?? ?????
????????????
?????? ????
???-?? ?????	J?nan
????????	??ˇ??????
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Jii'nan
?????-?????	Chi 3 -nan 2
?????	[t?i?.na?n]
?
?????????	Tsi 去 noe 平
????: ???????????
????? ?????????	Jai-naahm
?????	[ts??i.na?ːm]
???????	Zai2-naam4
?????? ???
???????? ?????	Che-lam
???-??	Ts?-lam

?????
?南市
????? ; ?南市
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County-level?divisions	??
Township?divisions	???
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???? ?????	??? ??? ( ??????+8 )
??? ??????	250000
????? ???	0531
????? ???? ???	CN-SD-01
License plate prefixes	? A, ?O, ?W, ?S
GDP (2018)	CNY 886.221 billion
?- per capita	CNY 101,864.5
?????????	www.jinan.gov.cn ( ???? )
	????? ????? : ???? ?????? ; ????? ??? : ??????

????? ( ?南市 ) ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???? (??? ????) ??? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? "?? ???? ???????"? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??-????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????

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???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???, ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????-?????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???; ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (jinpu) ? ???????? (jiaoji) ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ?????????, ????????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????, ?????????, ???????, ????, ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????

?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? "????? ??????" ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? (????-????) ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????-?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????-?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???; ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????

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????? ??????????? ?????? (?????? ??) ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? "?????????? ???" ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?????

?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????

?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ???, ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? (??????? ??????, ??????? ? ???????? ??????) ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????

????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????-?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ????, ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ^[?]

????????? ????????

↑ OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition ? OECD iLibrary (?????? ??????)? OECD ? ?? ?????? ????? ???????37? ???????? 2306-9341 ? ???????? 9789264230033 ? ????? : 10.1787/9789264230040-en ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? Linked from the OECD here ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ??????
↑ http://www.cits.net/china-travel-guide/jinan/transportation.html

[oecd2015-1] OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition ? OECD iLibrary (?????? ??????)? OECD ? ?? ?????? ????? ???????37? ???????? 2306-9341 ? ???????? 9789264230033 ? ????? : 10.1787/9789264230040-en ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? Linked from the OECD here ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ??????

[2] ttp://www.cits.net/china-travel-guide/jinan/transportation.html

[?]

[?]

????? ?南市
????-?????? ? ??????????? ????

????? ?????? ???? ??? ????: ??????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????? , ????? ???? , ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
??????: ?????????? ???? ( 泉城 )

?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????
????? ???? ???????
?????????: ??°??′ ????? ???°??′ ????? ? / ? ??.???° ????? ???.???° ????? ? / 36.667; 116.983
??? / ???????	?????
??????	??????
County-level?divisions	??
Township?divisions	???
?????
??????? ????	????? ??????
??? ??????	??? ?????
?????
??? ????-?????? ? ??????????? ????	??,???????????? (?,????????????)
?????? ?????	?,???.?????????? (?,???.??????????)
?????????	??,???????????? (??,????????????)
?????? ( ?????????? )	???????? (??????)
???????? (????)
??? ????-?????? ? ??????????? ????	??,??,???
??????????	???/???????? (?,???/????????)
??? ??? ?????	??,??,???
?????? ??????????????	???/???????? (?,???/????????)
??? ?????? ^[?]	?,??,??,???
?????????????????	???/???????? (???/????????)
???? ?????	??? ??? ( ??????+8 )
??? ??????	250000
????? ???	0531
????? ???? ???	CN-SD-01
License plate prefixes	? A, ?O, ?W, ?S
GDP (2018)	CNY 886.221 billion
?- per capita	CNY 101,864.5
?????????	www.jinan.gov.cn ( ???? )
????? ????? : ???? ?????? ; ????? ??? : ??????