??? ??? ?? ???? " ??????? ??????"? Hokkien (???? ?????? ???? ????), ???-????? ??????? ???? ?? "???????? ?????", ????? ???????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?? ???? "??????"?

??? ??? ??- ^[?] "??????? ???? ??????" ^[?] (??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ), " ^[?] ??? "???????? ??????" ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? " ^[?]

???????? ?????????? 1890 ???? ???? ??? ^[?] ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????; ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? Beow, ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? Ayer Itam, ?????? ????????, "????? ????????" ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? "?????? ??????" ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????: ???? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???, ????? ??? ???, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ^{[?] [?] [?] [?]} ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??????? Guanyin, ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???; ???? ??????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ( ?????? ????? ) ???????????? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? "??? ??? ??" ( ???????????? ???? ?? ) ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????, ???????? ?????, ?????????? , ???? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? (?? ????) ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ^[?]

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2002 ????, ???? ??.?-????? (?????) ?????????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??.? ????? (??????) ???-???? ??????? ??? ??????????? (????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? 16 ?? ???? ??), ^[?] ?? 2009 ???? ??????? ???????? ^[?] ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ^[??] ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ? ????? (???? ???????) ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ^[??] ?? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??,??? ?????? ??????? ^[?]

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