한국   대만   중국   일본 
????? - ???????????

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??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????

????? ?? ???? / ? k ? n d? / KON -jee ) ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???, ???? ? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????????????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????

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???? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? (????? ?????? ??? ??)
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?????? ????? ???

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?????? ???? congee ????? ???? ?????? ( ????? , kanci , ?????:? [?ka?d?i] ) ???? ?????? [?] [?] [?] ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ( ???? : ; ????? : zh?u ; ??????????? ????? : j?k )? ??? ??? ?? ????? -? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? [?]

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??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? "?????" ????? ????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???- ?? ?????-???? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????

???? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???; ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? [?] ?? ?????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????

??? ????? ????????

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  1. "Definition of CONGEE" ? www.merriam-webster.com (?????? ??????)?  
  2. Yule, Henry, Sir (????)? Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive. ? It is from the Tamil kanj?, 'boilings.'  
  3. "Where the word congee comes from ? the answer may surprise you" ? South China Morning Post (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  4. Lim, Lisa (?? ??????? ????)? "Where the word congee comes from ? the answer may surprise you" ? Post Magazine ? South China Morning Post ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  5. Robert Saunders (1789) "Boutan & Thibet", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Vol. 79, p. 101