?? ??? ??
(
????
:
黃文德
;
?????
:
Huang Wende
;
Pe?h-?e-j?
:
Uiⁿ Bun-tek
?; ????-????)
?? ?????
??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? -?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????????
[?]
????
??? ?? ??? ????????
???
?? ???? ?????
??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? $ ?,??? ?????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????
[?]
???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????
[?]
[?]
?? ??? ???
黃文德
|
|---|
| ????
| ????
|
|---|
| ??????
| ?? ?????????? ????
(1888-09-22)
(??????????)
|
|---|
| ????
| ????
|
|---|
| ???????? ????
| ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ????; ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
|
|---|
- ↑
Asian culture, Issue 28 by the Singapore Society of Asian Studies Published by Xinjiapo Yazhou yan jiu xue hui, 2004
- ↑
One Hundred Years' History of the Chinese in Singapore by Ong Siang Song, 1923
- ↑
Toponymics: a study of Singapore street names By Victor R. Savage, Brenda S. A. Yeoh published by Eastern Universities Press, 2003,
????????
???-???-???-?
,
????????
???-???-???-???-?
- ↑
Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya, Wright Arnold
- ?????????: ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??? (????) "
???????????
????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????" ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???, ???????, 1992 ?????? ????????,
????????
???-????-??-X
, 9789627093190
- ??? ????? ?????????: ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????, 1890-1965 - ?????? 65 - ???? ???????? - ???????? ? ???????? ?????? - 1967
- ???? ??? ??????????, ?????????, ??7878 ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? (?????) ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????
- ???? ??? ?????????: society ???????? ?????????? ???? ????, 1800-1910 ????? ? ??????? ??????
- ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????: ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? February ??????????? ????, ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????, ????????? ??????, ????: ????????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ?? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ?? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????? ????????, ????
- ???, ?????, ????????? ???????????, ???????, ???????, ??????,
????????
, ???????, ?????-???, ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? 1892 ????????
- ??? ??? ????, ??????: ???? ????, ????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????, ????????? ???
- ?????????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? - ????????? - 1976
- ???????? ?????????, ???? 163-164 ???????? 1950
- ??? ??? ?????-?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? - 1963 ?????? 31