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विकिपीडिया

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( 1950-09-17 ) ?????? 17, 1950 (?????73)
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????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1969 ?? 1970 ??? ???????? ??????? 1971 ??? ?????? ?? ???-???? ????? ?? ????? ? 1975 ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 1985 ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? 2001 ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????

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

???? 2014 ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 1984 ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???, ? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???-???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??; ?? ????? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? [??? 4]

?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????

2001 ??? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? [18] ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 3 ??????? 2001 ?? ? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? 2002 ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? [19] ??????? ???? ? ?????? == ??????? ???? ?? ??? 17 ?????? 1950 ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???, ??????? ???? (?? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ??????) ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? (c.1915 - 1989) ? ?????? ??????? ???? (??? c.1920) ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? [20] ???? ?? ?????? ???-?????-???? ?????? ?? ???, [21] [22] [23] ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? (?????) ??? ???? ????? [24] [25]

??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? [26] [27] ???? ??? 1967 ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???-????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? [28] ???-????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? [29] ???? ????? (???????) ??? ???? ????? ?????????? (??????-???-????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? [30] [31]

?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? (??????) ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???, ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? [32] ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? 1980 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? [33] ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? [34] ? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? 1967 ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? [35]

???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ???? ?? ???-??? ??????, ????-???? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? [36] ???? ???????? ??? ????, ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? (??????? ???), ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? [37] [38] [39] ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? [40]

1968 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ??????, ????????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? [41] ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? 1968?69 ??? ?????? ??? ?????? [42] 1969 ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? 1970 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? [43] ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? [44] [45]

???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? (??? ?? ?????? ????????) ??? ?????? [46] [47] [48] 1971 ?? ????-??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? [45] ? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? [49] ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ????-??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???; ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????-?????? ????? ??????? [49] ?? ??? ??? 2001 ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? [50] ??? 1978 ??? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????, [51] ?????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??, [52] [53] ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? [54] ???? ???? ???, 1982 ???, ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? [55] [56]

??? ?????? ????

  1. ↑ 2002 ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
  2. ↑ 2012 ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? [7] [8]
  3. ↑ ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????-??????? [5] [6]
  4. ↑ ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????-?????? [5] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]

?????? ?????? ????

  1. ↑ http://erms.gujarat.gov.in/ceo-gujarat/FileLoc/LS2014/20/Narendra_Modi019006.PDF
  2. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bobbio
  3. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named The Clash Within
  4. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Shani
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Buncombe, Andrew (19 September 2011). "A rebirth dogged by controversy" . The Independent . London . Retrieved 10 ??????? 2012 .
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Jaffrelot2013
  7. ↑ "India Gujarat Chief Minister Modi cleared in riots case" . BBC. 10 April 2012 . Retrieved 17 February 2017 .
  8. ↑ "SIT finds no proof against Modi, says court" . The Hindu. 10 April 2012 . Retrieved 17 February 2017 .
  9. ↑ Joseph, Manu (15 February 2012). "Shaking Off the Horror of the Past in India" . The New York Times . ISSN  0362-4331 . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  10. ↑ Menon, Kalyani Devaki (2012). Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India . The University of Pennsylvania Press. p.?26. ISBN  978-0-8122-2234-0 . Yet, months after this violent pogrom against Muslims, the Hindu nationalist chief minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi, went to the polls and won a resounding victory
  11. ↑ Mishra, Pankaj (?????? 2011). Visweswaran, Kamala (ed.). Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation . Wiley-Blackwell. p.?188. ISBN  978-1-4051-0062-5 . The chief minister of Gujarat, a young up-and-coming leader of the Hindu nationalists called Narendra Modi, quoted Isaac Newton to explain the killings of Muslims. "Every action", he said, "has an equal and opposite reaction."
  12. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stepan
  13. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ganguly 2014
  14. ↑ "Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert" . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . 16 April 2015 . Retrieved 17 February 2017 .
  15. ↑ Nair, Rupam Jain (12 December 2007). "Edgy Indian state election going down to the wire" . Reuters . Retrieved 10 ??????? 2012 .
  16. ↑ Robinson, Simon (11 December 2007). "India's Voters Torn Over Politician" . Time Magazine . Retrieved 10 ??????? 2012 .
  17. ↑ Burke, Jason (28 ????? 2010). "Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10?hours at massacre inquiry" . The Guardian . Retrieved 10 ??????? 2012 .
  18. ↑ Business Standard Political Profiles of Cabals and Kings (???????? ???). Business Standard Books. 2009. ISBN  978-81-905735-4-2 .
  19. ↑ "Narendra Modi ? Leading the race to 7 RCR" . Zee News (???????? ???) . Retrieved 2024-06-02 .
  20. ↑ Marino 2014 , pp.?13, 15, 29?30, 74.
  21. ↑ "Narendra Modi belongs to Modh-Ghanchi caste, which was added to OBCs categories in 1994, says Gujarat government | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis" . dna (??????? ???????? ???). 9 May 2014 . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  22. ↑ "PM Modi's brother asks Teli community to adopt 'Modi' prefix" . The Indian Express (??????? ???????? ???). 20 November 2016 . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  23. ↑ " 'Modi is a Teli-Ghanchi OBC': BJP - Times of India" . ?? ?????? ?? ?????? . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  24. ↑ " 'Modi is a Teli-Ghanchi OBC': BJP" . ?? ?????? ?? ?????? . 23 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 February 2017 .
  25. ↑ Ghai, Rajat (7 May 2014). "The office of Prime Minister: A largely north Indian upper-caste, Hindu affair" . Business Standard India . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  26. ↑ " 'I have a special association with tea', Modi tells Lankan Tamils" . www.oneindia.com (???????? ???) . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
  27. ↑ Sinha, N. C. High School Essays (???????? ???). p.?20. ISBN  978-93-5186-604-6 .
  28. ↑ Jose, Vinod K. (1 ????? 2012). "The Emperor Uncrowned" . The Caravan . pp.?2?4. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 . Retrieved 11 April 2013 .
  29. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?16.
  30. ↑ Mukhopadhyay 2013 , p.?82.
  31. ↑ "Modi's life dominates publishing space (Election Special)" . New Kerala . 14 ????? 2014 . Retrieved 4 April 2014 .
  32. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?24.
  33. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pathak TNN
  34. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?21.
  35. ↑ Marino 2014 , pp.?22?23.
  36. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?25.
  37. ↑ Marino 2014 , pp.?30?33.
  38. ↑ Mukhopadhyay 2013 , pp.?128?129.
  39. ↑ "Narendra Modi invited to Ramakrishna Mission's headquarter in Belurmath" . The Economic Times . 26 ?? 2014 . Retrieved 17 ??????? 2014 .
  40. ↑ "The tale of two Narendras: Narendra Modi and Swami Vivekananda" . ?? ?????????? . 5 ????? 2016 . Retrieved 17 ????? 2017 .
  41. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?26.
  42. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?27.
  43. ↑ Marino 2014 , pp.?28?29.
  44. ↑ Mukhopadhyay 2013 , p.?131.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Mukhopadhyay 2013 , p.?138.
  46. ↑ Unnithan, Sandeep (2014). "The man behind Modi: Lakshmanrao Inamdar" . India Today . Ahmedabad . Retrieved 22 May 2014 .
  47. ↑ Mukhopadhyay, Nilanjan (2014). "Narendra Modi: The making of the political leader" . Retrieved 22 May 2014 .
  48. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?35.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Marino 2014 , pp.?35?40.
  50. ↑ Goyal, Prateek (18 May 2014). "Mentoring Modi" . Pune Mirror . Retrieved 21 ??? 2015 .
  51. ↑ "Narendra Modi degree row: DU college says it has no data of students passing out in 1978" . India Today . Retrieved 9 ??? 2017 .
  52. ↑ ?????? ?????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IT13092013
  53. ↑ Marino 2014 , p.?48.
  54. ↑ "Narendra Modi's degree 'authentic': Delhi University Registrar Tarun Das" . The Hindu . Retrieved 9 ??? 2017 .
  55. ↑ Avasthi, Yogesh. "Globetrotting PM Modi was weakest in 'International Relations' " . Retrieved 17 February 2017 .
  56. ↑ "Modi proves to be an astute strategist" . Hindustan Times . 23 December 2007. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 .

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