Kleopatra

Wastan lengkap
	Kleopatra VII Tea Filopatora

Kleopatra VII Filopator
Kleopatra VII Filopator
	Kleopatra Berlin , arca pakaryan Romawi sane ngambarang sosok Kleopatra nganggen diadem kerajaan, pertengahan abad kapertama SM, kirang langkung galah lawatan Kleopatra ka Roma (46?44 SM), katemuang ring vila Italia ring sisin Via Appia , mangkin kasimpen ring Museum Altes , Jerman.
Ratu Kerajaan Wangsa Ptolemaios
Berkuasa	51 ? 10 atau 12 Agustus 30 SM (21 warsa)
Pendahulu	Ptolemaios XII Auletes
Penerus	Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion
Penguasa bersama	Ptolemaios XII Auletes (s. 80?58 SM - 55?51 SM) ; Ptolemaios XIII Teos Filopator (51?s. 47 SM) ; Ptolemaios XIV (47 SM?44 SM) ; Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion (44 SM ? 30 SM)
Embas	Mula warsa 69 SM ; Aleksandria , Kerajaan Wangsa Ptolemaios
Seda	10 atau 12 Agustus 30 SM ; (yusa 39 warsa) ; Aleksandria, Mesir
Setra	Nenten kauningin ; (minab ring Mesir)
Wastan lengkap
	Kleopatra VII Tea Filopatora
Ayah	Ptolemaios XII Auletes
Ibu	Nenten kauningin, minab Kleopatra VI Trifaina (kasub masih dados Kleopatra V Trifaina )
Pasangan	Ptolemaios XIII Teos Filopator ; Ptolemaios XIV ; Markus Antonius
Oka	Ptolemaios XV Filopator Filometor Kaisar, Kaisarion ; Aleksandros Helios ; Kleopatra Selene, Ratu Mauretania ; Ptolemaios XVI Filadelfos

Kleopatra VII Philopator ( basa Yunani : Κλεοπ?τρα Φιλοπ?τωρ, embas duk warsa 69 SM, seda 10 utawi 12 Agustus 30 SM) ^{[note 2]} inggih punika ratu aktif kaping untat Karajaan Ptolemaik Mesir. Ida masoroh raja-raja Ptolemaik, artosnyane ida raja warih sang Ptolemeus Soter I, raja Makedonia Yunani miwah kantin Aleksander Agung . Sasampun sedane Kleopatra, Mesir dados propinsin Kaprabon Roma miwah muputang masa Helenistik , sane ngawit saking Aleksander Agung (336-323 SM). Yadiastun basa aslinnyane Kleopatra inggih punika basa Yunani , ida dados ratu warih Ptolemaik kaping pertama sane muruk basa Mesir . ^[5]^{[note 3]}

Cutetan [ uah | uah wit ]

↑ Validasi lebih lanjut indik " Kleopatra Berlin " dados kawaceng ring Polo 2013 , pp. 184?186, Roller 2010 , pp. 54, 174?175, Jones 2006 , p. 33, miwah Holbl 2001 , p. 234.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Madasar perhitungan tarikh manut data historis, Theodore Cressy Skeat ngmirdatang ring Skeat 1953 , pp. 98?100 indik Kleopatra seda ring tanggal 12 Agustus 30 SM. Burstein 2004 , p. 31 mengajukan tarikh sane pateh sareng asil perhitungan Theodore Skeat, yadiastun Dodson & Hilton 2004 , p. 277 mendukung tarikh puniki sareng gelah pendapat bahwa Kleopatra seda kirang langkung tarikh punika. Sumber-sumber yang menyatakan bahwa Kleopatra seda pada tanggal 10 Agustus 30 SM adalah Roller 2010 , pp. 147?148, Fletcher 2008 , p. 3, dan Anderson 2003 , p. 56.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Grant 1972 , pp. 3?4, 17, Fletcher 2008 , pp. 69, 74, 76, Jones 2006 , p. xiii, Preston 2009 , p. 22, Schiff 2011 , p. 28 dan Burstein 2004 , p. 11 memberi sebutan Kleopatra V Trifaina bagi permaisuri Ptolemaios XII Auletes, sementara Dodson & Hilton 2004 , pp. 268?269, 273 dan Roller 2010 , p. 18 memberinya sebutan Kleopatra VI Trifaina, sebagai akibat dari kesimpangsiuran keterangan dalam sumber-sumber primer mengenai dua tokoh perempuan ini, yang mungkin saja adalah satu orang yang sama. Sebagaimana yang dijelaskan oleh Whitehorne 1994 , p. 182, Kleopatra VI mungkin adalah salah seorang putri Ptolemaios XII yang disebut-sebut namanya pada warsa 58 SM sebagai penguasa Mesir bersama-sama dengan adiknya, Berenike IV (sewaktu Ptolemaios XII tinggal dalam pembuangan di Roma), sementara permaisuri Ptolemaios XII, Kleopatra V, mungkin wafat seawal-awalnya pada musim dingin warsa 69?68 SM, manakala namanya mulai hilang dari cutetan-cutetan sejarah. Roller 2010 , pp. 18?19 menduga bahwa permaisuri Ptolemaios XII, yang ia beri sebutan Kleopatra VI, hanya sekadar menghilang dari lingkungan istana selama satu dasawarsa setelah diusir dengan alasan yang tidak diketahui, dan akhirnya kembali untuk memerintah bersama-sama dengan putrinya, Berenike IV. Fletcher 2008 , p. 76 menerangkan bahwa warga Aleksandria memakzulkan Ptolemaios XII dan menobatkan "putri paling besarnya, Berenike IV, dan sebagai penguasa pendamping, Kleopatra V Trifaina dipanggil pulang dari pembuangan setelah 10 warsa lamanya tersingkir dari lingkungan istana. Meskipun para sejarawan yang terkemudian menduga bahwa tentu ada putri-putri lain dari Ptolemaios XII Auletes sehingga menomorinya sebagai 'Kleopatra VI', tampaknya ia hanyalah Kleopatra V yang kembali ke lingkungan istana untuk untuk bertakhta menggantikan saudara sekaligus mantan suaminya, Ptolemaios XII Auletes."

Pustaka [ uah | uah wit ]

↑ Raia & Sebesta (2017) .
↑ Art Institute of Chicago (2016) .
↑ Grout (2017b) .
↑ Burstein (2004) , pp. xx?xxiii, 155.
↑ Burstein, Stanley M. (2004), The Reign of Cleopatra , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, ISBN 9780313325274

Wit [ uah | uah wit ]

Wit daring [ uah | uah wit ]

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Bradford, Ernle Dusgate Selby (2000). Cleopatra . Penguin Group. ISBN 9780141390147 .
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Foss, Michael (1999). The Search for Cleopatra . Arcade Publishing. ISBN 9781559705035 .
Fraser, P.M. (1985). Ptolemaic Alexandria . 1?3 (edisi ka-reprint). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198142782 .
Lindsay, Jack (1972). Cleopatra . New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC 671705946 .
Nardo, Don (1994). Cleopatra . Lucent Books. ISBN 9781560060239 .
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Volkmann, Hans (1958). Cleopatra: a Study in Politics and Propaganda . T.J. Cadoux, trans. New York: Sagamore Press. OCLC 899077769 .
Weigall, Arthur E. P. Brome (1914). The Life and Times of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt . Edinburgh: Blackwood. OCLC 316294139 .

Pranala jaba [ uah | uah wit ]

Gambaran Romawi Kuno indik Kleopatra VII, Ratu Mesir , ring YouTube
Mal:In Our Time
Kleopatra (1852), buku bacaan kanak-kanak Zaman Victoria karya Jacob Abbott , edisi Project Gutenberg
"Kematian Misterius Kleopatra" di Discovery Channel
Kleopatra VII di BBC History
Kleopatra VII di Ancient History Encyclopedia
Eubanks, W. Ralph. (1 November 2010). " Bagaimana Sejarah dan Hollywood Keliru Memahami 'Kleopatra' ". National Public Radio (NPR) (sebuah ulasan buku Cleopatra: A Life , karya Stacy Schiff ).
Jarus, Owen (13 Maret 2014). " Kleopatra: Fakta & Biografi ". Live Science .
Watkins, Thayer. " Lini Masa Kehidupan Kleopatra Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine ." Universitas Negeri San Jose .
Draycott, Jane (22 Mei 2018). " Anak Perempuan Kleopatra: Jika Antonius dan Kleopatra terabadikan dalam sejarah dan dalam budaya populer, anak-anak mereka sama sekali dilupakan orang. Anak perempuan mereka, Kleopatra Selene, menjadi seorang penguasa penting atas usaha sendiri. " History Today .

Gelar kebangsawanan
Kleopatra Wangsa Ptolemaios Embas: 69 SM Seda: 30 SM
Sadurungne olih: Ptolemaios XII	Ratu Mesir 51?30 SM bersama dengan Ptolemaios XII , Ptolemaios XIII , Ptolemaios XIV , Ptolemaios XV	Jabatan dihapuskan Mesir dianeksasi Republik Romawi

[4] Validasi lebih lanjut indik " Kleopatra Berlin " dados kawaceng ring Polo 2013 , pp. 184?186, Roller 2010 , pp. 54, 174?175, Jones 2006 , p. 33, miwah Holbl 2001 , p. 234.

[date_of_Cleopatra's_death-6] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Madasar perhitungan tarikh manut data historis, Theodore Cressy Skeat ngmirdatang ring Skeat 1953 , pp. 98?100 indik Kleopatra seda ring tanggal 12 Agustus 30 SM. Burstein 2004 , p. 31 mengajukan tarikh sane pateh sareng asil perhitungan Theodore Skeat, yadiastun Dodson & Hilton 2004 , p. 277 mendukung tarikh puniki sareng gelah pendapat bahwa Kleopatra seda kirang langkung tarikh punika. Sumber-sumber yang menyatakan bahwa Kleopatra seda pada tanggal 10 Agustus 30 SM adalah Roller 2010 , pp. 147?148, Fletcher 2008 , p. 3, dan Anderson 2003 , p. 56.

[cleopatra_v_or_vi-7] 3,0 ^3,1 Grant 1972 , pp. 3?4, 17, Fletcher 2008 , pp. 69, 74, 76, Jones 2006 , p. xiii, Preston 2009 , p. 22, Schiff 2011 , p. 28 dan Burstein 2004 , p. 11 memberi sebutan Kleopatra V Trifaina bagi permaisuri Ptolemaios XII Auletes, sementara Dodson & Hilton 2004 , pp. 268?269, 273 dan Roller 2010 , p. 18 memberinya sebutan Kleopatra VI Trifaina, sebagai akibat dari kesimpangsiuran keterangan dalam sumber-sumber primer mengenai dua tokoh perempuan ini, yang mungkin saja adalah satu orang yang sama. Sebagaimana yang dijelaskan oleh Whitehorne 1994 , p. 182, Kleopatra VI mungkin adalah salah seorang putri Ptolemaios XII yang disebut-sebut namanya pada warsa 58 SM sebagai penguasa Mesir bersama-sama dengan adiknya, Berenike IV (sewaktu Ptolemaios XII tinggal dalam pembuangan di Roma), sementara permaisuri Ptolemaios XII, Kleopatra V, mungkin wafat seawal-awalnya pada musim dingin warsa 69?68 SM, manakala namanya mulai hilang dari cutetan-cutetan sejarah. Roller 2010 , pp. 18?19 menduga bahwa permaisuri Ptolemaios XII, yang ia beri sebutan Kleopatra VI, hanya sekadar menghilang dari lingkungan istana selama satu dasawarsa setelah diusir dengan alasan yang tidak diketahui, dan akhirnya kembali untuk memerintah bersama-sama dengan putrinya, Berenike IV. Fletcher 2008 , p. 76 menerangkan bahwa warga Aleksandria memakzulkan Ptolemaios XII dan menobatkan "putri paling besarnya, Berenike IV, dan sebagai penguasa pendamping, Kleopatra V Trifaina dipanggil pulang dari pembuangan setelah 10 warsa lamanya tersingkir dari lingkungan istana. Meskipun para sejarawan yang terkemudian menduga bahwa tentu ada putri-putri lain dari Ptolemaios XII Auletes sehingga menomorinya sebagai 'Kleopatra VI', tampaknya ia hanyalah Kleopatra V yang kembali ke lingkungan istana untuk untuk bertakhta menggantikan saudara sekaligus mantan suaminya, Ptolemaios XII Auletes."

[FOOTNOTERaiaSebesta2017-1] Raia & Sebesta (2017) .

[FOOTNOTEArt_Institute_of_Chicago2016-2] Art Institute of Chicago (2016) .

[FOOTNOTEGrout2017b-3] Grout (2017b) .

[FOOTNOTEBurstein2004xx–xxiii,_155-5] Burstein (2004) , pp. xx?xxiii, 155.

[8] Burstein, Stanley M. (2004), The Reign of Cleopatra , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, ISBN 9780313325274

[1]

[2]

[3]

[note 1]

[4]

[note 2]

[note 3]

[5]