????? ??????

Battle of Varna
	????? ???:the Crusade of Varna and the Ottoman wars in Europe
	; Władysław III of Poland leading the cavalry charge , by Jan Matejko
?????	November 10, 1444
???	Near Varna , present-day ???????????
?????	Decisive Ottoman victory
?????????
Kingdom of Poland ; Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia ; ; Crown of Bohemia ; ???? ??????? ??????? ; ??????? ; Principality of Moldavia ; Bulgarian rebels ; ???? ??? ???? ????????????? ; ??? ?????? ; Teutonic Knights ;	??????? ??????????????
???????? ? ??????
Władysław III of Poland ? ; John Hunyadi ; Mircea II ; Fruzhin ;	??????? ????
???
16,000 ?20,000	60,000 30,000?40,000 Anatolian troops ; 7,000 Rumelian troops ; 20,000?30,000 akinci soldiers ;

????? ?????? ( ?????????? : Battle of Varna) ??????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Frank Tallett, D. J. B. Trim. European Warfare, 1350?1750. Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 143
^ ^??? ^??? Kenneth Meyer Setton. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204?1571: The fifteenth century. American Philosophical Society, 1976. P. 89?90
^ ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Sedlar ???? ???? ???
^ ^??? ^??? John Bagnell Bury, Henry Melvill Gwatkin, James Pounder Whitney. The Cambridge Medieval History. Volume IV. Macmillan, 1923. P. 692

?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????≪ Battle of Varna ≫? ??????????? ????????????.( ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????????).

?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???. ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????.