한국   대만   중국   일본 
????? ??????? - ????????? ??? ?? ?????

????? ???????

????????????? ???? ????????????
????? ???????
????? ??????
Qazan Xanlı?ı
Казан Ханлыгы
?????????
قازان بایراغی
??????
The Khanate of Kazan (green), c. 1500.
The Khanate of Kazan (green), c. 1500.
?????? ?????
??????? ????? ?????? ( ??????? , ??????? ), ??????
???
?????? , ????????
????? ??????
Kazan Khan  
?????? ????  
? ?????????
????
? Annexed to Muscovy
????
???????
???????
????? ?????
Volga Bulgaria
Tsardom of Russia
????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????
????? ??????????? ???????

????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. [?]

????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ≪????≫ ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. [?]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ^ ??? ??? ????? ????? ? ????????


????????? [ ???????? ]