???? ???? ???????????

Siege of Eastern Ghouta
	????? ???:the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign , ; and the ????? ??? ??????
	????:Eastern Ghouta Strike.jpg ; Aerial bombardment of Eastern Ghouta by the Syrian Air Force on 8 February 2018
?????	7 April 2013 ? 14 April 2018 (? ??? ? ? ????)
???	Eastern Ghouta , ??? ???? ??????? , ?????
?????	Decisive Syrian Army and allies victory The Syrian Army captures Eastern Ghouta ; Series of evacuation deals for rebel fighters ; Chemical weapons attack allegations against Syrian government ; 2018 missile strikes against Syria ;
????? ; ????????????	Syrian Army captures the entirety of the rebel-held Eastern Ghouta pocket
?????????
Jaysh al-Islam ; Al-Rahman Legion ; Ahrar al-Sham ; ????:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Tahrir al-Sham ; Free Syrian Army ; Jaysh al-Ummah (2014?15)	Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Armed Forces ; ????? ; ????? (since 2015) ; Allied militias: ; Hezbollah ; Palestinian Syrian militias ; LAAG ; Arab Nationalist Guard ; Liwa Fatemiyoun ; SSNP
???????? ? ??????
Zahran Alloush ? Essam al-Buwaydhani ; Abdul al-Nasr Shamir	Colonel Ghayath Dalla ; Suheil al-Hassan
???????? ???? ???????
Jaysh al-Islam Military Council of Damascus and its Suburbs ; Al-Rahman Legion Al-Bara Brigade ; Glory Brigades Abu Musa al-Shari Brigade ; ; Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union (Eastern Ghouta branch) Al-Habib al-Mustafa Brigade ; ; 101st Battalion ; Ahrar al-Sham Fajr al-Umma Brigade (independent group prior to 2017) ; Free Syrian Army 1st Brigade of Damascus ;	Syrian Army Republican Guard ; Tiger Forces ; 14th Special Forces Division ; 1st Corps 7th Mechanized Division ; 9th Armoured Division ; ; 2nd Corps 4th Armoured Division 42nd Armored Brigade ; ; 10th Mechanized Division 62nd Mechanized Brigade ; ; ; National Defence Forces ; Syrian Air Force ; Palestinian Syrian militias Liwa al-Quds ; PLA ; PFLP-GC ; FPM ; PPSF-Majid ; As-Sa'iqa ; ????:Fatah Flag.svg Fatah al-Intifada ; Russian Armed Forces Aerospace Forces ;
???
10,000 (in 2016) ; 20,000 (in 2018)	15,000 (in 2018)
???????? ? ???????
10,000+ killed (2012?18)	10,000+ killed (2012?18)
	12,763 killed civilians ; (March 2011 to February 2018, per SNHR ) ; ~18,000 killed overall ; (Eastern Ghouta hospital sources, 2017) ; 105,000 ?140,000 displaced (2018)

??????:Campaignbox Syrian uprising ??????:Campaignbox Rif Dimashq Campaign

???? ???? ?????????? ( ?????????? : Siege of Eastern Ghouta) ??? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

?????????? [ ???????? ]

^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Syrian rebels evacuated from Douma ???? ???? ???
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? 1 February 2018 U.N. Report ???? ???? ???
^ ^??? ^??? Leith Aboufadel (9 March 2018). Virtual map of East Ghouta battle: September 2015?Present . al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????2018-10-13.
^ Regime sends more forces to Ghouta as UN decries 'apocalypse' in Syria . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-04-19. ???????????2018-10-13.
^ Syrian flag flying over onetime rebel stronghold Douma as Russians announce victory in Eastern Ghouta . The Telegraph (12 April 2018).
^ Syrian government raises flag in Douma - Russian agencies . Reuters (12 April 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-11-23. ???????????2018-10-13.
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Confirmed: Syrian Army's full order of battle for east Damascus offensive . Al-Masdar News (18 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????20 February 2018.
^ ^??? ^??? Over 15,000 Syrian military personnel deployed to East Ghouta for upcoming offensive . Al-Masdar News (22 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????22 February 2018.
^ ^??? ^??? Andrew Illingworth (24 February 2018). VIDEO: New Syrian Army armored division heads towards east Damascus with over 100 tanks, armored fighting vehicles . Al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????25 February 2018.
^ Leith Aboufadel (1 March 2018). Over 2,000 Palestinian fighters deploy to Damascus for East Ghouta offensive (photos) . al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????2018-10-13.
^ ^???? ^???? ^???? Pro-Government Palestinian Factions Lay off Scores of Gunmen . Action Group for Palestinians of Syria (24 August 2018). ???????????29 August 2018.
^ Breaking: Russian airpower pulverizes militant defenses across east Damascus amid sudden entry into major offensive . Al-Masdar (20 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-11-21. ???????????20 February 2018.
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? The unravelling of Syria's Eastern Ghouta ???? ???? ???
^ Both sides committed war crimes during Eastern Ghouta siege: UN . Middle East Eye (20 June 2018). ???????????22 June 2018.
^ ^???? ^???? Map update: Syrian Army takes last rebel-held district of East Ghouta, ends six year battle . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-07-14. ???????????2018-10-13.
^ Approximately 13,000 Civilians Killed at the Hands of Syrian Regime Forces in Eastern Ghouta, including 1,463 Children . SNHR (February 25, 2018). ???????????15 March 2018.
^ Madjid Zerrouky (26 October 2017). En Syrie, les faubourgs rebelles de Damas affames (French) . Le Monde . ???????????15 March 2018.
^ "Over 105,000 civilians have fled Syria's Eastern Ghouta" . France24. 24 March 2018 . http://www.france24.com/en/20180324-syria-eastern-ghouta-civilians-fled-rebels-militants . Retrieved 25 March 2018 .
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Siege of Syria’s eastern Ghouta ‘barbaric and medieval’, says UN Commission of Inquiry ???? ???? ???

?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???. ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????.

[Syrian_rebels_evacuated_from_Douma-1] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Syrian rebels evacuated from Douma ???? ???? ???

[1_February_2018_U.N._Report-2] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? 1 February 2018 U.N. Report ???? ???? ???

[PLA-3] ??? ^??? Leith Aboufadel (9 March 2018). Virtual map of East Ghouta battle: September 2015?Present . al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????2018-10-13.

[Apoc-4] Regime sends more forces to Ghouta as UN decries 'apocalypse' in Syria . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-04-19. ???????????2018-10-13.

[SAA_takeDouma-5] Syrian flag flying over onetime rebel stronghold Douma as Russians announce victory in Eastern Ghouta . The Telegraph (12 April 2018).

[SAA_takeDouma2-6] Syrian government raises flag in Douma - Russian agencies . Reuters (12 April 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-11-23. ???????????2018-10-13.

[Arab_Army-7] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Confirmed: Syrian Army's full order of battle for east Damascus offensive . Al-Masdar News (18 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????20 February 2018.

[15,000-8] ??? ^??? Over 15,000 Syrian military personnel deployed to East Ghouta for upcoming offensive . Al-Masdar News (22 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????22 February 2018.

[100_tanks-9] ??? ^??? Andrew Illingworth (24 February 2018). VIDEO: New Syrian Army armored division heads towards east Damascus with over 100 tanks, armored fighting vehicles . Al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????25 February 2018.

[quds-10] Leith Aboufadel (1 March 2018). Over 2,000 Palestinian fighters deploy to Damascus for East Ghouta offensive (photos) . al-Masdar News . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2019-05-13. ???????????2018-10-13.

[lay_off-11] ???? ^???? ^???? Pro-Government Palestinian Factions Lay off Scores of Gunmen . Action Group for Palestinians of Syria (24 August 2018). ???????????29 August 2018.

[airpower-12] Breaking: Russian airpower pulverizes militant defenses across east Damascus amid sudden entry into major offensive . Al-Masdar (20 February 2018). ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-11-21. ???????????20 February 2018.

[The_unravelling_of_Syria's_Eastern_Ghouta-13] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? The unravelling of Syria's Eastern Ghouta ???? ???? ???

[both_crimes-14] Both sides committed war crimes during Eastern Ghouta siege: UN . Middle East Eye (20 June 2018). ???????????22 June 2018.

[sixyear-15] ???? ^???? Map update: Syrian Army takes last rebel-held district of East Ghouta, ends six year battle . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-07-14. ???????????2018-10-13.

[SNHR-16] Approximately 13,000 Civilians Killed at the Hands of Syrian Regime Forces in Eastern Ghouta, including 1,463 Children . SNHR (February 25, 2018). ???????????15 March 2018.

[Le_Monde-17] Madjid Zerrouky (26 October 2017). En Syrie, les faubourgs rebelles de Damas affames (French) . Le Monde . ???????????15 March 2018.

[France24-18] "Over 105,000 civilians have fled Syria's Eastern Ghouta" . France24. 24 March 2018 . http://www.france24.com/en/20180324-syria-eastern-ghouta-civilians-fled-rebels-militants . Retrieved 25 March 2018 .

[Siege_of_Syria’s_eastern_Ghouta_‘barbaric_and_medieval’,_says_UN_Commission_of_Inquiry-19] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Siege of Syria’s eastern Ghouta ‘barbaric and medieval’, says UN Commission of Inquiry ???? ???? ???

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