??? (???)

????????????? ???? ????????????
( ???(?????) -?? ????????????????)
???
???
??? ???? ??????? ??????
??? ?????? ? ?????? ????
??????????
????? / ? a? . o? / [?]
Jupiter I
?????? Ionian
???? ?????????
Periapsis 420 000  km ( 0.002 807  AU )
Apoapsis 423 400  km ( 0.002 830  AU )
?????? ????? ????????
421 700  km ( 0.002 819   AU )
?????? ?????? 0.0041
1.769 137 786  d ( 152 853 .5047 s , 42.459 306 86  h )
???????? ?????????
???????
17.334 km/s
?????? 0.05° (to Jupiter's equator)
2.213° (to the ecliptic )
??????? ??????
?????? ????????
??????? 3,660.0?×?3,637.4?×?3,630.6 km [?]
????? ?????
1 821 .6 ± 0.5 km (0.286 Earths) [?]
41 910 000  km 2 (0.082 Earths)
???? 2.53 × 10 10  km 3 (0.023 Earths)
??? (8.931 938 ± 0.000 018 ) × 10 22  kg (0.015 Earths) [?]
????? ???????
3.528 ± 0.006 g/cm 3 [?]
1.796  m/s 2 (0.183 g )
???
?????? ???????
0.3755 ± 0.0045 [?] (estimate)
2.558 km/s
synchronous
???????? ????????
??????
271 km/h
????? 0.63 ± 0.02 [?]
????? ?????? ?? ????? ???
Surface 90  K 110  K 130 K [?]
5.02 ( opposition ) [?]
Atmosphere
trace
??? ?????? 90%  ????? ????????

??? ?????????? : Io ? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????.

?????????

  1. ^ EYE -oh , or as ??????? : ??
  2. ^ Thomas, P. C.; et al. (1998). "The Shape of Io from Galileo Limb Measurements". Icarus . 135 (1): 175?180. Bibcode : 1998Icar..135..175T . doi : 10.1006/icar.1998.5987 .
  3. ^ ??? ??? ??? ??? Yeomans, Donald K. (13 July 2006). Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters . JPL Solar System Dynamics.
  4. ^ Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu (October 1999). "The Galilean Satellites". Science . 286 (5437): 77?84. doi : 10.1126/science.286.5437.77 . PMID   10506564 .
  5. ^ Classic Satellites of the Solar System . Observatorio ARVAL. ???????????28 September 2007.
  6. ^ Rathbun, J. A.; Spencer, J.R.; Tamppari, L.K.; Martin, T.Z.; Barnard, L.; Travis, L.D. (2004). "Mapping of Io's thermal radiation by the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (PPR) instrument". Icarus . 169 (1): 127?139. Bibcode : 2004Icar..169..127R . doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.021 .