?'?

?'? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?'?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?'? ?????? ????? ?????? ?.? ????? ???? ????? ^[1] ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? , ????? ?'???? ???? ???? ???? ^[2]

????????? ?'?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???, ???????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?'?? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ^[3] ???????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???, ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???????? ?????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ^[4] ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ^[5]

????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????'?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????, ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????

???-??? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? (dn)?? ?????? ?’?? ??????? ( E _ext), ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ^[6]

E_{\rm {ext}}=E_{\rm {sc}}\left[1+0.034\cdot \cos \left(2\pi {\frac {{\rm {dn}}-3}{365}}\right)\right],

?'? ? ????????? dn=?, ? ????????? dn=? ???????? ???????? (dn??) ??????? ???? ???? ?'? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????, ???? ? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????, ? ????????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ( E _sc), ??? ???×?? ^? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ( E _dn), ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????,: $E_{\rm {dn}}=E_{\rm {ext}}\,e^{-cm},$ ?'? c ???? ????????????? ??????? ???, ??? m ???? ???????? ??????? ???

???? ????? [ ???????? ??? ]

↑ Bell Burnell, S. Jocelyn (2004). An Introduction to the Sun and Stars (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521546225. Extract of page 56
↑ Chapter 8 - measurement of sunshine duration CIMO Guide? World Meteorological Organization
↑ Mead MN (April 2008). "Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health" . Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): A160?A167. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a160. PMC 2290997. PMID 18414615
↑ Lucas RM; Repacholi MH; McMichael AJ (June 2006). "Is the current public health message on UV exposure correct? ". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (6): 485?491. doi:10.2471/BLT.05.026559. PMC 2627377. PMID 16799733.
↑ "13th Report on Carcinogens: Ultraviolet-Radiation-Related Exposures" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF)
↑ C. KANDILLI & K. ULGEN? "Solar Illumination and Estimating Daylight Availability of Global Solar Irradiance"? Energy Sources?

[1] Bell Burnell, S. Jocelyn (2004). An Introduction to the Sun and Stars (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521546225. Extract of page 56

[2] Chapter 8 - measurement of sunshine duration CIMO Guide? World Meteorological Organization

[3] Mead MN (April 2008). "Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health" . Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): A160?A167. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a160. PMC 2290997. PMID 18414615

[4] Lucas RM; Repacholi MH; McMichael AJ (June 2006). "Is the current public health message on UV exposure correct? ". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (6): 485?491. doi:10.2471/BLT.05.026559. PMC 2627377. PMID 16799733.

[5] "13th Report on Carcinogens: Ultraviolet-Radiation-Related Exposures" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF)

[6] C. KANDILLI & K. ULGEN? "Solar Illumination and Estimating Daylight Availability of Global Solar Irradiance"? Energy Sources?

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