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???? ( 2023 , MMXXIII ) ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ???????:?? ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???, ?????? ???? (CE) ??? ??' ????? (AD)? ?????? ???, ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????-?? ?????????? ?? ????-?? ???????

???? ??? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?? ???????? - ?? ???????? - ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??,??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ^[1]
? ?????????? - ??????-???????? ???? ?.? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??,??? ?????? ?????? ??? , ???,???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ^[2]^[3]
? ??? - ????? ??????? ???? ??'? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????
?? ?????????? - ???????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??,???? ??? ???,??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ^[4]
? ??????? - ??????-?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??,??? ??????? ???? ^[5]
?? ??????? - ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????

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↑ "Afghanistan cold snap kills over 160, Taliban officials say ? DW ? 01/28/2023" . dw.com . https://www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-cold-snap-kills-over-160-taliban-officials-say/a-64546879 ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-01-30 .
↑ "Earthquake Kills More Than 110 People in Turkey, Syria" . Bloomberg.com . 2023-02-06 . https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-06/magnitude-7-7-earthquake-strikes-in-turkey-gfz .
↑ "Powerful quake kills at least 360 people in Turkey, Syria" . AP NEWS. 2023-02-06 . https://apnews.com/article/earthquake-shakes-turkey-b927808f6a5c54bdb669120faa40b7bc ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-02-06 .
↑ https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/powerful-storm-rolls-through-eastern-libya-killing-least-three-2023-09-11/
↑ Staff, C. N. N. (2023-11-06). "More than 10,000 killed in Gaza, Hamas-controlled health ministry says, as condemnation of Israel’s campaign grows" (en ?????). CNN . https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/06/middleeast/gaza-10k-deaths-intl/index.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-12-30 .

[1] "Afghanistan cold snap kills over 160, Taliban officials say ? DW ? 01/28/2023" . dw.com . https://www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-cold-snap-kills-over-160-taliban-officials-say/a-64546879 ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-01-30 .

[2] "Earthquake Kills More Than 110 People in Turkey, Syria" . Bloomberg.com . 2023-02-06 . https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-06/magnitude-7-7-earthquake-strikes-in-turkey-gfz .

[3] "Powerful quake kills at least 360 people in Turkey, Syria" . AP NEWS. 2023-02-06 . https://apnews.com/article/earthquake-shakes-turkey-b927808f6a5c54bdb669120faa40b7bc ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-02-06 .

[4] ttps://www.reuters.com/world/africa/powerful-storm-rolls-through-eastern-libya-killing-least-three-2023-09-11/

[5] Staff, C. N. N. (2023-11-06). "More than 10,000 killed in Gaza, Hamas-controlled health ministry says, as condemnation of Israel’s campaign grows" (en ?????). CNN . https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/06/middleeast/gaza-10k-deaths-intl/index.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2023-12-30 .

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