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???? ????? ???? ( ?????? : Lala Lajpat Rai )(?? ???????? ????-?? ??????? ????) ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ^[1] ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????-??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????-?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????

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???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ^[2]^[3] ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[4] ????????? ???? ???????? ^[5]^[6]^[7] ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ^[8]

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????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ^[9] ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?'??? ????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????-????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ^[10] ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ????????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??, ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????-???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???, ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??-????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ^[10]^{[
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]} ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????, ^[11] ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ^[12]

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??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????

?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ? ^[15] ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ^[16] ???? ??? ?????? Servants of the People Society ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???, ???? ???-??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ^[17]????? ???, ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ^[18] ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ^[19]

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

↑ Ashalatha, A.; Koropath, Pradeep; Nambarathil, Saritha (2009). "Chapter 6 ? Indian National Movement" . Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1 . State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT). ??????. 7 . https://www.itschool.gov.in/pdf/Std_VIII/Social%20Science/SS_VIII_Engpart1.pdf ? ???? ??? ????: 13 October 2011 .
↑ "Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary: The legacy of the famed nationalist" (en ?????). Hindustan Times. 2020-01-27 . https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/lala-lajpat-rai-birth-anniversary-the-legacy-of-the-famed-nationalist/story-ituwNX2DVDKdWm4Qas2Z8J.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .
↑ Agarwal, Dr Meena (2017-12-29) (hi ?????). Lala lajpat rai: ????????? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ??? . Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5278-756-2 . https://books.google.com/books?id=V81EDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT9&dq=lala+lajpat+rai++jain&hl=en .
↑ "Lala Lajpat Rai Biography: Early Life, Family, Achievements, Slogan and death" . Jagranjosh.com. 2020-01-28 . https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/lala-lajpat-rai-biography-1580207229-1 ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-03-13 .
↑ "Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary: The legacy of the famed nationalist" (en ?????). Hindustan Times. 2020-01-27 . https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/lala-lajpat-rai-birth-anniversary-the-legacy-of-the-famed-nationalist/story-ituwNX2DVDKdWm4Qas2Z8J.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .
↑ "Lala Lajpat Rai 155th Birth Anniversary: Know About Punjab Kesari And His Role in Indian Freedom Struggle | ???? LatestLY" (en ?????). LatestLY. 2020-01-28 . https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/festivals-events/lala-lajpat-rai-155th-birth-anniversary-know-about-indias-punjab-kesari-and-his-role-in-indian-freedom-struggle-1498161.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .
↑ Agarwal, Dr Meena (2017-12-29) (hi ?????). Lala lajpat rai: ????????? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ??? . Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5278-756-2 . https://books.google.com/books?id=V81EDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT9&dq=lala+lajpat+rai++jain&hl=en .
↑ "Sub Division, Jagraon, Punjab" . www.jagraonadministration.in . http://www.jagraonadministration.in/LalaLajpatRai.php ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-06-05 .
↑ Lala Lajpat Rai . Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Ahluwalia, Kewal (February 2010). "Lala Lajpat Rai" . aryasamaj.com . http://www.aryasamaj.com/enews/2010/feb/5.htm .
↑ Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (1979). "Towards Independence and Socialist Republic: Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Part Two". Social Scientist ???? 8 (3): 31?40. doi : 10.2307/3520389 .
↑ Habib, S. Irfan (2019-03-23). "Revolutionary ideas that live on" (en-IN ?????). The Hindu . ISSN 0971-751X . https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/revolutionary-ideas-that-live-on/article26613250.ece .
↑ Jugal Kishore Gupta (1991). History of Sirsa Town . Atlantic Publishers & Distri. ??????. 182?. GGKEY:63QY4LRCK9L . https://books.google.com/books?id=G0Z457ZOR44C&pg=PA182 .
↑ "(PDF) Religion and Nationalism: The Views of Lala Lajpat Rai" (en ?????). ResearchGate . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279205755_Religion_and_Nationalism_The_Views_of_Lala_Lajpat_Rai ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-03-21 .
↑ "Bradlaugh Hall's demise" . Pakistan Today . 17 April 2011 . http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/04/bradlaugh-halls-demise/ .
↑ Lala Lajpat Rai . congresssandesh.com
↑ "Head Office" . Servants of the People Society . http://sops.in/index.php/2013-08-22-12-13-12/head-office ? ???? ??? ????: 27 May 2014 .
↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279205755_Religion_and_Nationalism_The_Views_of_Lala_Lajpat_Rai
↑ Bhargav, Vanya (2018). "Lala Lajpat Rai's Ideas on Caste: Conservative or Radical?". Studies in Indian Politics ???? 6 : 15?26. doi : 10.1177/2321023018762672 .

??????? ????? [ ???????? ??? ]

[1] Ashalatha, A.; Koropath, Pradeep; Nambarathil, Saritha (2009). "Chapter 6 ? Indian National Movement" . Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1 . State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT). ??????. 7 . https://www.itschool.gov.in/pdf/Std_VIII/Social%20Science/SS_VIII_Engpart1.pdf ? ???? ??? ????: 13 October 2011 .

[2] "Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary: The legacy of the famed nationalist" (en ?????). Hindustan Times. 2020-01-27 . https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/lala-lajpat-rai-birth-anniversary-the-legacy-of-the-famed-nationalist/story-ituwNX2DVDKdWm4Qas2Z8J.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .

[3] Agarwal, Dr Meena (2017-12-29) (hi ?????). Lala lajpat rai: ????????? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ??? . Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5278-756-2 . https://books.google.com/books?id=V81EDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT9&dq=lala+lajpat+rai++jain&hl=en .

[4] "Lala Lajpat Rai Biography: Early Life, Family, Achievements, Slogan and death" . Jagranjosh.com. 2020-01-28 . https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/lala-lajpat-rai-biography-1580207229-1 ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-03-13 .

[5] "Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary: The legacy of the famed nationalist" (en ?????). Hindustan Times. 2020-01-27 . https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/lala-lajpat-rai-birth-anniversary-the-legacy-of-the-famed-nationalist/story-ituwNX2DVDKdWm4Qas2Z8J.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .

[6] "Lala Lajpat Rai 155th Birth Anniversary: Know About Punjab Kesari And His Role in Indian Freedom Struggle | ???? LatestLY" (en ?????). LatestLY. 2020-01-28 . https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/festivals-events/lala-lajpat-rai-155th-birth-anniversary-know-about-indias-punjab-kesari-and-his-role-in-indian-freedom-struggle-1498161.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-01-16 .

[7] Agarwal, Dr Meena (2017-12-29) (hi ?????). Lala lajpat rai: ????????? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ??? . Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5278-756-2 . https://books.google.com/books?id=V81EDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT9&dq=lala+lajpat+rai++jain&hl=en .

[8] "Sub Division, Jagraon, Punjab" . www.jagraonadministration.in . http://www.jagraonadministration.in/LalaLajpatRai.php ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-06-05 .

[9] Lala Lajpat Rai . Encyclopædia Britannica.

[arya1-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Ahluwalia, Kewal (February 2010). "Lala Lajpat Rai" . aryasamaj.com . http://www.aryasamaj.com/enews/2010/feb/5.htm .

[11] Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (1979). "Towards Independence and Socialist Republic: Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Part Two". Social Scientist ???? 8 (3): 31?40. doi : 10.2307/3520389 .

[12] Habib, S. Irfan (2019-03-23). "Revolutionary ideas that live on" (en-IN ?????). The Hindu . ISSN 0971-751X . https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/revolutionary-ideas-that-live-on/article26613250.ece .

[Gupta1991-13] Jugal Kishore Gupta (1991). History of Sirsa Town . Atlantic Publishers & Distri. ??????. 182?. GGKEY:63QY4LRCK9L . https://books.google.com/books?id=G0Z457ZOR44C&pg=PA182 .

[14] "(PDF) Religion and Nationalism: The Views of Lala Lajpat Rai" (en ?????). ResearchGate . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279205755_Religion_and_Nationalism_The_Views_of_Lala_Lajpat_Rai ? ???? ??? ????: 2021-03-21 .

[15] "Bradlaugh Hall's demise" . Pakistan Today . 17 April 2011 . http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/04/bradlaugh-halls-demise/ .

[16] Lala Lajpat Rai . congresssandesh.com

[17] "Head Office" . Servants of the People Society . http://sops.in/index.php/2013-08-22-12-13-12/head-office ? ???? ??? ????: 27 May 2014 .

[18] ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/279205755_Religion_and_Nationalism_The_Views_of_Lala_Lajpat_Rai

[19] Bhargav, Vanya (2018). "Lala Lajpat Rai's Ideas on Caste: Conservative or Radical?". Studies in Indian Politics ???? 6 : 15?26. doi : 10.1177/2321023018762672 .

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