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??? ???? ??????? ( ?????? : Madan Mohan Malaviya ; ?????? : ??? ???? ?????? ) ( এই শব্দটোৰ বিষয়ে  pronunciation ( ????? · ???? ) (????-??) ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? [1] ??? ' ??????' ???? ??????? ??? ?????? [2] ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???; ???? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????????, [3] ?’? ???, ???????, ????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????-????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? [4] [5]

??????? ????, ????, ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? [6] ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? [7] ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? [7] ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? [8]

??????? ??? ?????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? [9] ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ‘?????’? ??? ?????? ???? ‘???????’ ?????? ?????; ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ‘?????’? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? [10] ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? [10]

???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? [11] ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ??.?. ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? [11]

????????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????-????) ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????

???????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? (LLB) ?'??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??-????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? [12] [13] ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ????? electorate ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????

?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??-?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????-??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????-???? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? [14]

????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? [15] ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????; [16] ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????

???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????, ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ? ???????? ???? “??????? ????? ???” ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??’? ?????? “??????? ????? ???” ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? [17] ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? [18]

????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? [19]

?????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? “???????????”? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? (????????? ????) ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? [20]

????? ???? “????????? ???????”? ??????? ???? ??????? ? “???????” ????? ???? “????????? ???????”? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? “????????” ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? [11]

????-?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? (sawaiyas) “??????????? ???????” ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? “?????? ??????”? ???????? ???? [20]

????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? “?????” ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? [20]

????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? [20]

???? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? , ??.??. ?????????, ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? [21] ?????? ??,??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?

????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? [20]

???????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??.??.?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? [22]

???? ?????? ?????????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? “?????? ?????? ??????????? ???” ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????????? (BHU) ??????? ???? [4] [23] ???? ??? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????; ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? [24]

???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??-??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? “????? ???? ???” ??? ??? ?????? [11]

?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? (?????) ???? ??.??. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? [25] ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [25] ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? [25] .

???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? [ ???????? ???????? ]

?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? , ???????, ???????? ???????? , ?????? ????? ??????? , ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? “???? ?????” ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? [26]

??????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????

????????? “??????? ?????” ????????? ???????? ??????? [27] ???????? , ??????? , ?????? , ????? , ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? (square) ??????? ?’? ?????? ??? ?????

??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??? [28] ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? [29]

?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????’???, ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????’??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? “?????? ????” ???? ?????? ????

?????? ???????? ? ‘’?? ?? ????’’? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ????????

????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?.??. ??? ??????? ??????? [15]

?? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?.??.??. ???? ?????? ??????? ??, ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? [30]

???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? UPA? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? [31] .

?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ‘????????’?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? [32] .

???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

  • A criticism of Montagu-Chelmsford proposals of Indian constitutional reform . ??? ??????- ??.???. ?????????, ????
  • Speeches and writings of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya . ??????? G.A. Natesan, ????.

????? [ ???????? ??? ]

  • Malaviyaji, a brief life sketch of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya , ????- B. J. Akkad. Pub. Vora, 1948.
  • Malaviyana: a bibliography of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya ????- Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library. Ed. Prithvi Nath Kaula. 1962.
  • Role of Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya in our national life , ????- Chandra Prakash Jha. Modern Publications, 1977.
  • Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya: a socio-political study , ????- Sundar Lal Gupta. Pub. Chugh Publications, 1978.
  • Mah?man? Madan Mohan Malaviya: An Historical Biography , ????- Parmanand. Malaviya Adhyayan Sansthan, ???? ?????? ??????????????, ?????
  • Struggle for Independence: Madan Mohan Malaviya ????- ??? ?????, ????? ????????????, ???? ISBN 81-7041-142-4 .
  • Madan Mohan Malaviya: the man and his ideology , ????- ??? ?????, ????? ????????????, ????. ISBN 81-7041-429-6 .
  • Madan Mohan Malaviya , ????- ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????, ????, ISBN 81-230-0486-9 .
  • Visionary of Modern India- Madan Mohan Malaviya , ????- ??.??.?????,??. ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????, ????

??????? ????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ??? [ ???????? ??? ]

  1. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC&lpg=PA340&dq=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&pg=PA340#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&f=false
  2. ↑ "Mahamana's life as exemplary as Mahatma's: BHU V-C" . The Times of India . 27 December 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-11-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121104195634/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-27/varanasi/28102158_1_bhu-v-c-bhu-alumni-cell-birth-anniversary-celebrations .  
  3. ↑ Singh, Binay (13 March 2009). "BHU set to realise future goals" . ??????? VARANASI: The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053651/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-13/varanasi/28042346_1_rajiv-gandhi-south-campus-mahamana-madan-mohan-malviya-banaras-hindu-university ? ???? ??? ????: 3 June 2011 .  
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "History of BHU" . Banaras Hindu University website . http://www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm .  
  5. ↑ "University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange programme" . Rediff News. 4 October 2007 . http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/oct/04univ.htm .  
  6. ↑ Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering Our Leaders) . Children's Book Trust . 1989. ??????. 61. ISBN   81-7011-842-5 . http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2NoVNSyopVcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya+Scouting&source=bl&ots=4oVY8PFiXf&sig=bzIWnjpIp9KGyErYK9A3C6A_x4I&hl=en&ei=AntIS9WNIYqTkAWe6oD4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ6AEwADgo#v=onepage&q=&f=false .  
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "C. Y. Chintamani (10 April 1880 ? 1 July, 1941)" . The Tribune . 7 May 2000 . http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000507/spectrum/main2.htm#3 .  
  8. ↑ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=114017
  9. ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates . Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ??????. 138?139 . http://books.google.co.in/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA63&dq=St.+Peter%27s+Church+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=irMpUu_CN-XsiAfesIHgDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Allahabad&f=false ? ???? ??? ????: March 24, 2014 .  
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Timberg, Thomas A (2014). The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas . Penguin Books. ISBN   9789351187134 . http://books.google.co.in/books?id=5cWUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37&dq=manohar+das+dwarka+das&source=bl&ots=ay4PxNAvhj&sig=IyMTfEa3dyvrwNnG-LbqiKwyR68&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mKppVK7uMcKxuQS-8ICYCg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=aggarwal&f=false .  
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/M/MADAN%20MOHAN%20MALAVIYA
  12. ↑ Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering Our Leaders): Madan Mohan Malaviya . Children's Book Trust . 1989. ??????. 53?73. ISBN   81-7011-842-5 . http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2NoVNSyopVcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya+Scouting&source=bl&ots=4oVY8PFiXf&sig=bzIWnjpIp9KGyErYK9A3C6A_x4I&hl=en&ei=AntIS9WNIYqTkAWe6oD4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ6AEwADgo#v=onepage&q=&f=false .  
  13. ↑ "A brief summary of Indian Warriors" . Archived from the original on 2006-08-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060821181344/http://www.msnspecials.in/independenceday/indian_warriors1.asp ? ???? ??? ????: 2014-12-25 .  
  14. ↑ "RSS Resolution 2: 150th Birth Anniversary of Mhamana Malviya ji" . Vishwa Samvada Kendra . 31 October 2010. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141226174534/http://samvada.org/2010/news/150th-birth-anniversary-of-malviya-ji/ .  
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Old Secetariat:Important Members of Imperial Legislative Council" . Legislative Assembly of Delhi website . http://delhiassembly.nic.in/history_assembly.htm .  
  16. ↑ "Gandhi is Urged to Delay Break" . New York Times . 11 February 1922 . http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E03E0DC1E30EE3ABC4952DFB4668389639EDE .  
  17. ↑ ""Buy Indian" Move Gains" . The New York Times . 30 May 1932 . http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0915FC385A13738DDDA90B94DD405B828FF1D3 .  
  18. ↑ "450 Seized at Delhi for Defiance of Ban on Indian Congress" . New York Times . 25 April 1932 . http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0813FC3F5A13738DDDAC0A94DC405B828FF1D3 .  
  19. ↑ Schwartzberg Atlas
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 "??????? ???" . Archived from the original on 2014-12-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141227190207/http://www.mahamana.org/biography-.html ? ???? ??? ????: 2014-12-25 .  
  21. ↑ TJS George, Lessons in Journalism, 2007, Viva Books, New Delhi.
  22. ↑ http://www.bhu.ac.in/mahamana.htm
  23. ↑ "BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY" ( PDF ). Indian Academy of Sciences . 26 July 2005 . http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102005/899.pdf ? ???? ??? ????: 2007-04-19 .  
  24. ↑ Murty, K. Satchidananda; Ashok Vohra (1990). Radhakrishnan: his life and ideas . SUNY Press. ??????. 90. ISBN   0-7914-0343-2 . http://books.google.co.in/books?id=x6FsaptULgAC&pg=PA90&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya&lr=&cd=20#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malaviya&f=false .  
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934?47 By Shri Krishan
  26. ↑ "Honouring the oath: The beginning" . The Hindu . 17 August 2007. Archived from the original on 19 August 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070819071116/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2007/08/17/stories/2007081750750800.htm .  
  27. ↑ "India's Freedom Struggle: Madan Mohan Malaviya" ( PDF ). Kamat's Potpourri. 22 December 2007 . http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/freedom/malaviya.htm ? ???? ??? ????: 2008-03-09 .  
  28. ↑ Indian stamp bearing Madan Mohan Malaviya's picture
  29. ↑ "??????? ???" . Archived from the original on 2015-09-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034850/http://www.indianstampghar.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/scan0240.jpg ? ???? ??? ????: 2014-12-25 .  
  30. ↑ "Former President Kalam inaugurates BHU founder's memorial" . The Indian Express . 26 December 2008 . http://www.indianexpress.com/news/former-president-kalam-inaugurates-bhu-found/403094/ .  
  31. ↑ "brings the Latest & Top Breaking News on Politics, G-20 summit, CHOGM 2011,Vice President's visit to Perth for CHOGM, Cricket, Sports, Business , State,Formula One in INDIA , Regional Language Audio Bulletins , Regional Language scripts & more" . News On Air. 2012-08-15. Archived from the original on 2012-06-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120602005707/http://www.newsonair.com/news.asp?cat=national&id=NN2393 ? ???? ??? ????: 2013-04-22 .  
  32. ↑ "Vajpayee, Malaviya named for Bharat Ratna on eve of birthdays" . EconomyLead . 24 December 2014 . http://www.economylead.com/govt/vajpayee-malaviya-named-bharat-ratna-eve-birthdays-44186 ? ???? ??? ????: 24 December 2014 .  

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Gandhi during the Salt March, 1930

Gandhi during the Salt March, 1930

Congress flag of India (1931)

Flag of Azad Hind
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Bharat Ratna
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