?????
????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??-?????? ?????? ??????? ?????; ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????
?????? ????????????? ??????
[
???????? ???
]
??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????
? ???, ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????
[1]
???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? "????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????" ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????????, "
????????
?
????? ????
? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????: ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?'? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ?????????? ????, ???????? ??? ??? aneurysm ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???
?????? ???????
? "??????? ????????????? ??????" ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???????????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? C, ?????? ??????, ???
???????????????
(periodontitis) ??? ???????????
[2]
[3]
????? ???????? ????????????? ??????
[
???????? ???
]
???????
? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??.?%? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??.?%?? ??? ???? ?????
[4]
??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (?????? ??%? ??????? ?????? ??.?%)"?
[4]
?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??.? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??.? ??? ????? ?????????
[5]
???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
[6]
?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????
?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????
[7]
?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??% ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? '?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????' ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????
[8]
?????? ??? ????????? ????
?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????
(COPD) ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?' ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?' ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
[9]
?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???,
[10]
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????
[11]
??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? (?? ???? ???) ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? (??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???)?"
[12]
??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????
[13]
??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? (?????? ????????
???????????
? ???? ???????? ?????? ???) ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????
[14]
?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?’? ?????
[14]
??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
[15]
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?’?
???? ????? ??????? ?????
(SIDS)? ???????? ???? ???? ?? "??????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? SIDS? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ? ??? ????"?[44] ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ????, ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?'? ?????
[15]
[16]
[17]
???????: ????, ??????, ??? ?????????
[
???????? ???
]
????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????
[18]
????? ????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???; ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?'??? ????????? ??????
[19]
???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? (???????? ???) ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????
[20]
?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
[21]
- ↑
"Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Economic Costs ? United States, 1995?1999", MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 51, no. 14 (April 12, 2002): 300-3
- ↑
Institute on Drug Abuse, "Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products", June 2009,
http://www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/infofacts/Tobacco09.pdf
Archived
2010-05-27 at the
Wayback Machine
- ↑
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004
- ↑
4.0
4.1
Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation ? United States, 2008
- ↑
"Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Economic Costs ? United States, 1995?1999".
- ↑
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Women under the Influence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
- ↑
CDC. "Highlights: Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women.<
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/highlights/consequences/index.htm
- ↑
Freedman, N. D., et al., "Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of lung cancer in men and women: analysis of a prospective cohort study",
Lancet Oncology
9, no.7 (Jul 2008): 649-56
- ↑
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001
- ↑
CDC. "Deaths and Mortality" <
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm
>
- ↑
Rosenfield, L. E., "Women and Heart Disease" <
http://www.med.yale.edu/library/heartbk/19.pdf
>
- ↑
Woloshin, S., et al., "The risk of death by age, sex, and smoking status in the United States: Putting health risks in context",
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
, 100, no. 12 (2008): 845-53
- ↑
Harvard Medical School. "His and hers heart disease",
Harvard Health Letter
34, no. 11 (2009): 1
- ↑
14.0
14.1
Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General
- ↑
15.0
15.1
American Cancer Society. "Women and Smoking" <
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_2X_Women_and_Smoking.asp
Archived
2010-06-27 at the
Wayback Machine
>
- ↑
Ahmad, Saiyed (2019). "AWARENESS OF THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL SMOKING ON PREGNANCY AND THE NEONATE SIDS.".
Multi-Knowledge Electronic Comprehensive Journal for Education & Science Publications
: 1?15.
- ↑
Av?ar, TS; McLeod, H; Jackson, L (26 March 2021).
"Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review."
.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
????
21
(1): 254.
doi
:
10.1186/s12884-021-03729-1
.
PMID
33771100
.
- ↑
Brandt, Allan M. 2007.
The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Defined America
. New York: Basic Books, p. 450.
- ↑
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
, 2000, 78 (7) p. 893
- ↑
"2001 Surgeon General's Report | Women and Smoking | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC"
(en-us ?????). www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-18
.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/index.htm
? ???? ??? ????: 2020-07-12
.
- ↑
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume 104, Supplement 1, 1 October 2009, Pages S11?S16