??????
??????
????
‘
????????
’ ??????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ‘
?? ????
’, ‘
??? ????
’ ?? ‘
???????? ????
’, ??????? ???? ‘
?? ???
’, ‘
?????? ????? ?????
’ ?? ‘
?????? ??????? ???
’?
?????? ?? ??????? (
???? ?????
?????) ????? ????? ??
???????
?????? ???????
[1]
? ?????? ????? ????
????????
?
[2]
????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????
??
??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?'? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????
[3]
??????? ??????? ???
?????
? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??'?????? ????
[4]
? ""???? ???????? ????? ???? ????" (?????????? ??????,????? ??)
???? ??????? ?????? ???/??????????
?????? ????? ?????????? ?????
?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????,
??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??‘??? ??????; ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???;
???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????,
????? ??????????, ????????????
?????/??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ???????, ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? (??????????) ??? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ???? ??????? ???, ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??‘??? (
?????
? ??????? ?????), ???? ???? ????
?????
? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? (?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????)?
[5]
?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
??????
???????? ?????????????
??????
? ??????? ???????????, ????????? (??????????), ???????????? ??? ????-???????? ?????? ??????? ????
?????????
???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
??????????(???)
??????
? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????
??????
? ???? ???????? ????
???????
???????? ??????? ???? ????
?????
? ????
??????
? ?? ? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????
?????
? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?’? ????????
[6]
??????? ?????? ????? ?'?
???????
?
- ↑
"From the article on Tawhid in Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
(?????? ?????). Oxfordislamicstudies.com. 2008-05-06. Archived from
the original
on 2010-11-20
.
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120024934/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2356?_hi=0&_pos=2
? ???? ??? ????: 2014-08-24
.
- ↑
"Allah"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online
(in ??????)
. Retrieved
2008-05-28
.
- ↑
"The Fundamentals of Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism)"
(?????? ?????). ICRS (Indonesian Consortium of Religious Studies. 2010-10-30. Archived from
the original
on 2015-06-20
.
https://web.archive.org/web/20150620064714/http://icrs.ugm.ac.id/book/35/the-fundamentals-of-tawhid-islamic-monotheism.html
? ???? ??? ????: 2015-10-28
.
- ↑
Vincent J. Cornell, Encyclopedia of Religion, Vol 5, pp.3561-3562 (?????? ?????)
- ↑
????? ????(??????? ???), ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????
- ↑
????? ????(??????? ???), ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????