한국   대만   중국   일본 
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????? ?????? (Young Housewife) , ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? (????? ???)

??????? ( ?????? : Housewife ) ??????????? ( ?????? : Homemaker ) ?? ???? ??? ????/??/?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?’? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?'? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ???; ???????? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???/?? ??????? ???; ???????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ???; ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????; ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? [1] ??????? ????? ????????? ?’? ????????? ?

????????-???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ? [2]

??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? (????) ??????? "??? ?????; ?????? ????? ????? ???????" ???? ?????????? ??? ????? [3]

?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??-???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?’? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????

??????????? ??? ???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (Paiute) ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
???? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ???

??????? ???????? [4] [5] ??? ?-???????? ???????????? (??????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????) ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????: ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? [6] ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????

??????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????-????, ????? ???, ????? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ????, ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???-???, ????: ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????????

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?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? (????? ????, ?????-????, ?? ???????? ???, ??????, ?????? ???) ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?'? ????? [8] ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????

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?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? [9] [10] [11] [12]

?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??, ??????-??'????? ??????? ??? ????, ???? ???

???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????, ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????; ?????, ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????

?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?’??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????

?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? [13] ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???, ??????, ?????-????, ?’??-??????? ???-??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???’????? ????????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? (????, ????????)?

?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ( ????? ?????????? , ???????; ??? ???????? ?????????? , ????-??) ??? ???? ?????? ????????? (????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????: ???????, ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????) ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????, ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???-??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?'??? ????? ?????? [14]

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? , ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?’??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??% ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? [15]

?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? [16] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??-???????? ????? ????, ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? [17] ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????

??????? ?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?’? ??? ?????? (???? ?????) ??? ????? ????? ?’? ??? ???????? (???? ?????????)? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ????-???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? (???????-????? ??????) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? (?????? ???? ?????) ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? (??? ??) ??? ??????? (??? ?????) ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????, ???????, ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?’? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? , ??????, ?????? , ??????? , ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? [18] ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? "it was an unheard concept and not to mention socially unacceptable for men to give up their jobs and remain at home." ? [19] ??????, ??????? ????????? ????? ??.? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??.? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? (???????? ???? ??? ?????) ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? [20]

????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? [21] ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? [22]

??????? ????????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??? ????????? ( ????????? ??????), ????
?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????, ?????? ???? ???

???? ??? ?????? ??% ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????; ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??% ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??% ?? ?????? ????? [23] [24] ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???, ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????

?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? [25] ???????? ???????, ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????; ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? [25]

????? ???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? ??? ???-???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????-????? ?????? ??% ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ( ?????? ??????? , ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? , ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? [26] )? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ???-?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????-????? ?’??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???: '?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????' ?????: '????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????, ?????? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????' [27]

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

  1. ↑ "Housewife" . Macmillan Dictionary . http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/housewife .  
  2. ↑ "Definition of HOUSEWIFE" (en ?????). www.merriam-webster.com. 2024-02-14 . https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/housewife ? ???? ??? ????: 2024-02-21 .  
  3. ↑ Davidson, Thomas, ed (1903). Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language . ??????? London: W. & R. Chambers. ??????.  443 . https://archive.org/details/chambersstwentie00daviiala .  
  4. ↑ Luxton, Meg; Rosenberg, Harriet (1986), Through the Kitchen Window: The Politics of Home and Family , Garamond Press, ISBN   978-0-920059-30-2  
  5. ↑ Luxton, Meg (1980), More Than a Labour of Love: Three Generations of Women's Work in the Home , Women's Press, ISBN   978-0-88961-062-0 , https://archive.org/details/morethanlabourof0000luxt  
  6. ↑ "Gross domestic product" (en ?????), Wikipedia , 2024-02-06 , https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gross_domestic_product&oldid=1203992720 , ???? ??? ????: 2024-02-09  
  7. ↑ Treas, Judith; Tai, Tsuio (May 2016). "Gender Inequality in Housework Across 20 European Nations: Lessons from Gender Stratification Theories". Sex Roles ???? 74 (11?12): 495?511. doi : 10.1007/s11199-015-0575-9 . ISSN   0360-0025 .  
  8. ↑ "What's a Wife Worth?" . 17 March 1988 . http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/whats-a-wife-worth/Content?oid=871934 ? ???? ??? ????: 17 October 2015 .  
  9. ↑ Dement, Alice L. (1960). "Higher Education of the Housewife: Wanted or Wasted?". The Journal of Higher Education (Ohio State University Press) ???? 31 (1 (January)): 28?32. doi : 10.2307/1977571 .  
  10. ↑ "Mummy, I want to be a housewife" . Times Higher Education . 26 April 1996 . https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/mummy-i-want-to-be-a-housewife/93431.article .  
  11. ↑ "Crafting an Educated Housewife in Iran" . isites.harvard.edu . http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1114896.files/Najmabadi%201998.pdf .   [ ?????????? ??? ]
  12. ↑ "Highly educated housewives: what an economic waste" . The Times . 25 July 2012 . http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article3485879.ece .  
  13. ↑ Wilkinson, Amanda (13 April 2014). "So wives didn't work in the 'good old days'? Wrong" . The Guardian . https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/13/working-women-stay-at-home-wives-myths ? ???? ??? ????: 23 April 2018 .  
  14. ↑ Maurer, Elizabeth (2017), How Highly Processed Foods Liberated 1950s Housewives , National Women's History Museum , https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/how-highly-processed-foods-liberated-1950s-housewives  
  15. ↑ In the kitchen debate in 1959: Nixon said American housewives are happier than the Soviet Union working women
  16. ↑ Livingston, Gretchen (5 June 2014). "Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids" . Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project . http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/06/05/growing-number-of-dads-home-with-the-kids/ ? ???? ??? ????: 22 March 2016 .  
  17. ↑ Andrea Doucet , 2006. Do Men Mother? Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
  18. ↑ "Life & Times of Indian Men" . Business Today. 29 July 2009 . http://specials.indiatoday.com/indianmensurvey/Unmarried_Man_partner.php ? ???? ??? ????: 30 July 2009 .  
  19. ↑ Dias, Raul (26 June 2006). "Now papas do what mamas did best!" . Times of India . http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/City/Bombay-Times/Now-papas-do-what-mamas-did-best-/articleshow/1682154.cms .  
  20. ↑ "Asia's women in agriculture, environment and rural production" . Archived from the original on 30 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140630002611/http://www.fao.org/sd/wpdirect/WPre0108.htm ? ???? ??? ????: 30 July 2009 .  
  21. ↑ "Official Website" . Archived from the original on 2020-09-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925200928/http://www.mahilashaktisangathan.org/ ? ???? ??? ????: 2024-03-20 .  
  22. ↑ "MAHILA SHAKTI SAMAJEEK SAMMITTEE (REGD)" . http://www.parichowk.com/mahilashakti.aspx ? ???? ??? ????: 30 October 2014 .  
  23. ↑ "Employment Characteristics of Families Summary" . U.S. Department of Labor . https://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm .  
  24. ↑ "a Chinese-English translation web (?言?: Will Chinese women rule the world?" . Archived from the original on 4 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140704185555/http://article.yeeyan.org/view/91830/133129 ? ???? ??? ????: 30 May 2014 .  
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Gershon, Livia (21 March 2018). "Seeking a Roadmap for the New American Middle Class" . Longreads . https://longreads.com/2018/03/21/seeking-a-roadmap-for-the-new-american-middle-class/ .  
  26. ↑ "a Chinese-English translation web (?言?）:Will Chinese women rule the world?" . Archived from the original on 4 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140704185555/http://article.yeeyan.org/view/91830/133129 ? ???? ??? ????: 30 May 2014 .  
  27. ↑ Andrei Lankov (a professor in South Korea National University). "Pyongyang's Women Wear the Pants" . cuyoo.com (Chinese-English Translate Web . Archived from the original on 23 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140423055920/http://www.cuyoo.com/html/guoji/2010/0422/14322.html ? ???? ??? ????: 30 May 2014 .  
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