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?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? . ^[2] ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ^[3] ?? ???????? ??? ??????. ^[4] ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.

??? ?????? ? ??????? [ ????? ]

??????? ?? ????????? ? comp?n? ? ????? "????? ???? ????". ^[5] ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? 1597 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? "????? ????? [ ?????? ????????? ????? [...] ?????????? ?????? ?????". ^[2]

"??????" ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ^[2] ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ^[4] ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? . ^[3] ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? " ???? ??????? " ?? " ?????? ????? ??????? " ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? "??????" ??????? ??????? ^[2] ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????. ^[2]

??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? . ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? - ?? "?? ??? ????????" - ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? . ^[6]

??? ?? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ]

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?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????.

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? . ^[7] ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? (????????? ????????) ?? ?????? ??????? ?- ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? - ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? . ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? "???????". ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

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????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? (????? ??? ???? ??????? Urtext edition ). ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? (???? ??? ?? ???????) ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.

???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? . ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? "????" ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? (?? ?????? ????? ???? "?????? ????? ??????" ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????).

?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? . ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? .

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^[9] ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? (?????) ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? 
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 ]} ???? ?????? ??? "[?]??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????/????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????." 
^[9] ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????  ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.
^[10]

???? [ ????? ]

???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ?? 12000 ???? ???? ???? ?? Grove Music Online ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???. ^[11]

????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? (?? ?????? ??????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 522 ?? ???? ????????. ^[12]

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?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ). ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????.

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????? ??????????? ?? ??????? (???? ???? ???? B.Mus. ?? BM) ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????/????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????????) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? B.Mus. ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? B.Mus. ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.

?????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? (M.mus.) ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? (???? ???? ???? M.Mus. ?? MM) ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ?? M.Mus. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

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??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? . ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? .

???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???? ???? ???? DMA ?? DMA ?? D.Mus.A. ?? A.Mus.D) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 54 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? (??? ????? 30+ ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????). ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????/??????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? DMA ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? B ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? DMA.???????? DMA? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????.

??? ????? [ ????? ]

?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ]

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???? ??? ???? ????? - Quora
???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????
???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? WorldCat
???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????
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????? [ ????? ]

↑ ??????? : UNESCO Thesaurus ? ??????: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO ? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? OED : composer .
↑ ^? ^? "Composer" . Collins English Dictionary . https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/composer . Retrieved 19 January 2021 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "Collins" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
↑ ^? ^? "Composer" . New Oxford American Dictionary . https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001/m_en_us1234993 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "NOAD" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
↑ "compose (v.)" . Online Etymology Dictionary . https://www.etymonline.com/word/compose . Retrieved 4 April 2022 .
↑ Nettl 1983 .
↑ Everist 2011 .
↑ ?????? ???: ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? <ref> ?????? ????? </ref> ?? ?????? Citron, Marcia J 1993
↑ ^? ^? ^? Philips, Abbey (1 September 2011). "The history of women and gender roles in music" . Rvanews.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 .
↑ Alex Ambrose (21 August 2014). "Her Music: Today's Emerging Female Composer" . WQXR . Retrieved 13 April 2020 .
↑ Borowiecki, Karol; O'Hagan, John (2012). "Historical Patterns Based on Automatically Extracted Data: The Case of Classical Composers" . Historical Social Research (Section 'Cliometrics') . 37 (2). Association Francaise de Cliometrie: 298?314 . Retrieved 13 October 2012 .
↑ O'Hagan, John; Borowiecki, Karol (8 July 2010). "Birth Location, Migration, and Clustering of Important Composers". Historical Methods . 43 (2): 81?90. doi : 10.1080/01615441003729945 .

[225b71ef2ad27de0f3434d4227e962c63942939a-1] ??????? : UNESCO Thesaurus ? ??????: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO ? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????

[FOOTNOTE''OED'':_composer-2] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? OED : composer .

[Collins-3] ? ^? "Composer" . Collins English Dictionary . https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/composer . Retrieved 19 January 2021 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "Collins" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.

[NOAD-4] ? ^? "Composer" . New Oxford American Dictionary . https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001/m_en_us1234993 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "NOAD" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.

[5] "compose (v.)" . Online Etymology Dictionary . https://www.etymonline.com/word/compose . Retrieved 4 April 2022 .

[FOOTNOTENettl1983-6] Nettl 1983 .

[FOOTNOTEEverist2011-7] Everist 2011 .

[Citron,_Marcia_J_1993-8] ?????? ???: ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? <ref> ?????? ????? </ref> ?? ?????? Citron, Marcia J 1993

[rvanews.com-9] ? ^? ^? Philips, Abbey (1 September 2011). "The history of women and gender roles in music" . Rvanews.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 .

[10] Alex Ambrose (21 August 2014). "Her Music: Today's Emerging Female Composer" . WQXR . Retrieved 13 April 2020 .

[11] Borowiecki, Karol; O'Hagan, John (2012). "Historical Patterns Based on Automatically Extracted Data: The Case of Classical Composers" . Historical Social Research (Section 'Cliometrics') . 37 (2). Association Francaise de Cliometrie: 298?314 . Retrieved 13 October 2012 .

[12] O'Hagan, John; Borowiecki, Karol (8 July 2010). "Birth Location, Migration, and Clustering of Important Composers". Historical Methods . 43 (2): 81?90. doi : 10.1080/01615441003729945 .

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