???? ???

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( ?????????? : Lewis Cass )
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???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 9 ?????? 1782 ?? ?????? , ??? ?? 17 ????? 1866 .

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??? ?? Phillips Exeter Academy.

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↑ ^? ^? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? (EBID): https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Cass ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ??????? : Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ ^? ^? ???? ??????? ??????????: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w37th7 ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ^? ^? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2256 ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ^? ^? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? "????? ????" (GeneaStar): https://www.geneastar.org/genealogie/?refcelebrite=lewiscassl ? ????: Lewis Cass
↑ ^? ^? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????: https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/lewis-cass ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 1 ?????? 2020
↑ ^? ^? ^? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????: https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/lewis-cass ? ????? ???????: 1 ?????? 2020
↑ ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? (congbio): https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000233 ? ????? ???????: 29 ????? 2021 ? ??????? : Biographical Directory of the United States Congress ? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????
↑ ??????: ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? 3.0 ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????
↑ ????? ?????? ?????? ??: https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/library ? ??????: ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? : Library of the World's Best Literature

?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? .

[50f03d83c8eda3162cd42b69f82e7d17ac34503a-1] ? ^? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? (EBID): https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Cass ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ??????? : Encyclopædia Britannica

[89644d7600db7a2f552621ec4513b010bcc4105c-2] ? ^? ???? ??????? ??????????: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w37th7 ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017

[63ad1ef457855469a9d54f89ca8af1e20facf413-3] ? ^? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2256 ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 9 ?????? 2017

[1bc38f3888d6144fcfec9f50fa2d7fa29ce57359-4] ? ^? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? "????? ????" (GeneaStar): https://www.geneastar.org/genealogie/?refcelebrite=lewiscassl ? ????: Lewis Cass

[129e9bed976e52840583c3cf7f3b8e6fb7c5d183-5] ? ^? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????: https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/lewis-cass ? ????: Lewis Cass ? ????? ???????: 1 ?????? 2020

[59ae4ae1b6bcfea044da1f850cfd1d5f5f3c3229-6] ? ^? ^? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????: https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/lewis-cass ? ????? ???????: 1 ?????? 2020

[11a6c2f9c0cf04e573533397effc062ca82d1852-7] ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? (congbio): https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000233 ? ????? ???????: 29 ????? 2021 ? ??????? : Biographical Directory of the United States Congress ? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????

[4b765de2b7d1615ce3cfb114e41791c19d81fdeb-8] ??????: ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? 3.0 ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????

[17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-9] ????? ?????? ?????? ??: https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/library ? ??????: ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? : Library of the World's Best Literature

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v t e Governors of Michigan
Territorial (1805–1837)	Hull ??? Porter Mason Horner
????? (since 1837)	Mason Woodbridge Gordon Barry Felch Greenly Ransom Barry McClelland Parsons Bingham Wisner Blair Crapo Baldwin Bagley Croswell Jerome Begole Alger Luce Winans Rich Pingree Bliss Warner Osborn Ferris Sleeper Groesbeck Green Brucker Comstock Fitzgerald Murphy Fitzgerald Dickinson Van Wagoner ???? ??????? ???? Sigler Williams Swainson Romney Milliken Blanchard Engler Granholm Snyder Whitmer

v t e United States senators from Michigan
Class 1	Lyon Porter Cass Fitzgerald Cass Chandler Christiancy Chandler Baldwin Conger Stockbridge Patton Burrows Townsend Ferris Vandenberg Moody Potter Hart Riegle Abraham Stabenow
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v t e Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
Military Affairs Committee (1816?1947)	J. Williams Troup J. Williams Jackson Harrison Benton Preston Crittenden Benton Cass Benton Davis Shields Weller Davis Johnson Wilson Logan Spencer Randolph Logan Sewell Hawley Walthall Hawley Proctor Warren du Pont Johnston Chamberlain Wadsworth Reed Sheppard Reynolds Thomas
Naval Affairs Committee (1816?1947)	Tait Sanford Pleasants Lloyd Hayne Dallas Southard Rives R. Williams Mangum Bayard Fairfield Yulee Gwin Mallory J. Hale Grimes Cragin Sargent McPherson Cameron McPherson Cameron E. Hale Perkins Tillman Swanson Page F. Hale Trammell Walsh
Armed Services Committee (1947?present)	Gurney Tydings Russell Saltonstall Russell Stennis Tower Goldwater Nunn Thurmond Warner Levin Warner Levin Warner Levin McCain Inhofe Reed

v t e United States Secretaries of State
Secretary of Foreign Affairs 1781–1789	R. Livingston Jay
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List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States

v t e United States Ambassadors to France
Envoys to France (1776?1779)	Franklin , Lee & Deane / Adams
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Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France (1816?1893)	Gallatin Brown Rives Harris ( charge d'affaires ) Livingston Barton ( charge d'affaires ) Cass King Rush Rives Mason Faulkner Dayton Bigelow Dix Washburne Noyes Morton McLane Reid Coolidge
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1893?present)	Eustis Porter McCormick White Bacon Herrick Sharp Wallace Herrick Edge Straus Bullitt Leahy Tuck ( charge d'affaires ) Caffery Bruce Dunn Dillon Houghton Gavin Bohlen Shriver Watson Irwin Rush Hartman Galbraith Rodgers Curley Harriman Rohatyn Leach Stapleton Rivkin Hartley McCourt Bauer

v t e Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
? Langdon (1789) ? Lee (1792) ? Langdon (1792?1793) ? Izard (1794) ? H. Tazewell (1795) ? Livermore (1796) ? Bingham (1797) ? Bradford (1979) ? Read (1797) ? Sedgwick (1798) ? Laurance (1798) ? Ross (1799) ? Livermore (1799) ? Tracy (1800) ? Howard (1800) ? Hillhouse (1801) ? Baldwin (1801?1802) ? Bradley (1802?1803) ? Brown (1803?1804) ? Franklin (1804) ? Anderson (1805) ? Smith (1805?1808) ? Bradley (1808?1809) ? Milledge (1809) ? Gregg (1809) ? Gaillard (1810) ? Pope (1811) ? Crawford (1812?1813) ? Varnum (1813?1814) ? Gaillard (1814?1819) ? Barbour (1819) ? Gaillard (1820?1825) ? Macon (1826?1827) ? Smith (1828?1831) ? L. Tazewell (1832) ? White (1832?1833) ? Poindexter (1834) ? Tyler (1835) ? W. R. King (1836?1841) ? Southard (1841?1842) ? Mangum (1842?1845) ? Sevier (1845) ? Atchison (1846?1849) ? W. R. King (1850?1852) ? Atchison (1852?1854) ? Cass (1854) ? Bright (1854?1856) ? Stuart (1856) ? Bright (1856?1857) ? Mason (1857) ? Rusk (1857) ? Fitzpatrick (1857?1860) ? Bright (1860) ? Fitzpatrick (1860) ? Foot (1861?1864) ? Clark (1864?1865) ? Foster (1865?1867) ? Wade (1867?1869) ? Anthony (1869?1873) ? Carpenter (1873?1875) ? Anthony (1875) ? Ferry (1875?1879) ? Thurman (1879?1880) ? Bayard (1881) ? Davis (1881?1883) ? Edmunds (1883?1885) ? Sherman (1885?1887) ? Ingalls (1887?1891) ? Manderson (1891?1893) ? Harris (1893?1895) ? Ransom (1895) ? Harris (1895) ? Frye (1896?1911) ? Bacon / ? Curtis / ? Gallinger / ? Brandegee / ? Lodge (1911?1913) ? Clarke (1913?1916) ? Saulsbury (1916?1919) ? Cummins (1919?1925) ? ????? (1925?1933) ? Pittman (1933?1940) ? W. H. King (1940?1941) ? Harrison (1941) ? Glass (1941?1945) ? McKellar (1945?1947) ? Vandenberg (1947?1949) ? McKellar (1949?1953) ? Bridges (1953?1955) ? George (1955?1957) ? Hayden (1957?1969) ? Russell (1969?1971) ? Ellender (1971?1972) ? Eastland (1972?1978) ? Magnuson (1979?1980) ? Young (1980) ? Magnuson (1980?1981) ? Thurmond (1981?1987) ? Stennis (1987?1989) ? Byrd (1989?1995) ? Thurmond (1995?2001) ? Byrd (2001) ? Thurmond (2001) ? Byrd (2001?2003) ? Stevens (2003?2007) ? Byrd (2007?2010) ? Inouye (2010?2012) ? Leahy (2012?2015) ? Hatch (2015?2019) ? Grassley (2019?2021) ? Leahy (2021?2023) ? Murray (2023?present)
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v t e Cabinet of President Andrew Jackson (1829?1837)
Secretary of State	Martin Van Buren (1829?1831) Edward Livingston (1831?1833) Louis McLane (1833?1834) John Forsyth (1834?1837)
Secretary of the Treasury	Samuel D. Ingham (1829?1831) Louis McLane (1831?1833) William J. Duane (1833) Roger B. Taney (1833?1834) Levi Woodbury (1834?1837)
Secretary of War	John Eaton (1829?1831) ???? ??? (1831?1836)
Attorney General	John M. Berrien (1829?1831) Roger B. Taney (1831?1833) Benjamin Franklin Butler (1833?1837)
Postmaster General	William T. Barry (1829?1835) Amos Kendall (1835?1837)
Secretary of the Navy	John Branch (1829?1831) Levi Woodbury (1831?1834) Mahlon Dickerson (1834?1837)