????? ???????? ?????

????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????
????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????
	????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? . ; ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? . ; ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? . ; ????? ???????? ????? ? ? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? . ;

????? ???????? ?????
????? ???????? ?????
( ?????????? : University of Colorado at Boulder )
????? ????
?????	??????
?? ??????? ???????	?????, ????????
???????
???????	1876
?????	?????
?????? ????????
????????	40°00′24″N 105°16′02″W ? / ? 40.006666666667°N 105.26722222222°W
???????	????? (????????)
????? ???????	80309-0017
???????
??????
????????
?????	????? ???????? ????????? ; ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????
??????	?????? ??????
	?????

????? ???????? ????? ?????????? : University of Colorado Boulder? ^[5] ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? (????????) ? ???????? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? 1876.

??? 2015? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 150 ?????? ???????  ? ??? ????  ????? ?? 17000 ????.
^[6] ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? 20 ???? ???? ??? 
????? ???????? ?????
 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???????  ????? ?? 454 ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????  ???  2010 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? (JILA).

??????? ???????? [ ????? ]

↑ ???? : 126614
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240116123311/https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/AAU-Files/Who-We-Are/AAU%20Member%20Universities%20listed%20by%20year_updated%202023.pdf
↑ https://www.aau.edu/who-we-are/our-members ? ????? ???????: 16 ????? 2024
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231015070603/https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/members/ ? ????? ???????: 15 ?????? 2023
↑ {{ cite web }}: Empty citation ( help )
↑ {{ cite web }}: Empty citation ( help )

[3a898e189b5a0c811a5d4ee8eeab4639efe4b6e1-1] ???? : 126614

[075cda55247fcaef762046f9e6e13ce829c74fec-2] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20240116123311/https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/AAU-Files/Who-We-Are/AAU%20Member%20Universities%20listed%20by%20year_updated%202023.pdf

[4b35a7dc12cbd39456450d9ee2c9ea3ee4798d82-3] ttps://www.aau.edu/who-we-are/our-members ? ????? ???????: 16 ????? 2024

[4fc6f81676224c59ae063531a47704ff73ad4c10-4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20231015070603/https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/members/ ? ????? ???????: 15 ?????? 2023

[5] {{ cite web }}: Empty citation ( help )

[6] {{ cite web }}: Empty citation ( help )

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]