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???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ^[4] ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????: ?????? ??? ??? 754 ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? .

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↑ ^? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica ? ????? ???????: 15 ?????? 2021 ? ??????: Andrew Bell ? ??????: ???????? ??????????? ????????
↑ Identifiants et Referentiels ? ????? ???????: 4 ???? 2020 ? ??????: ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
↑ "??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????" . ???? ???.???. Archived from the original on 17 ?????? 2019 . Retrieved 14 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ "?? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????" . ???? ?? ????????. Archived from the original on 15 ????? 2018 . Retrieved 14 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= ( help )

[14638c65fdc894243d210f12730e0d805a9c9ead-1] ? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica ? ????? ???????: 15 ?????? 2021 ? ??????: Andrew Bell ? ??????: ???????? ??????????? ????????

[3248a438c2636f29e8278d7db014b0fe6efb4c93-2] Identifiants et Referentiels ? ????? ???????: 4 ???? 2020 ? ??????: ????? ??????? ??????? ??????

[قصص-3] "??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????" . ???? ???.???. Archived from the original on 17 ?????? 2019 . Retrieved 14 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[4] "?? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????" . ???? ?? ????????. Archived from the original on 15 ????? 2018 . Retrieved 14 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= ( help )

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