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?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 13 ?????? ??? ? 25 ???? 1933?? [1] [2] ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ? [3] ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????. [2] [4] ????? ?????? ????? . [5]

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????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????  ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? [6] ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ??????? 200 ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 100 ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 2275 ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????.

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?? ??? 1913 ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? 1916 ? 1918. [2]

???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? 13 ?????? ?? ??? 1933? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????  ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????.

???? ?? ???? ??????  ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???  ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? 21 ??? ? 24 ?????? 1933 ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? 28 ?????? 1933. [7]

???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ???? ? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.

??? ??? ??????? ??? 22 ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? [8] ??? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ? 24 ???? 1933? [9] [10] ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? 25 ????? [3] ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????:

  1. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? .
  2. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? .
  3. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???.
  4. ????? ????? ?????? ? ???????(corvee)
  5. ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????. [11] [12]

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???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. [13] [14]

??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????. [15]

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  1. ^ "Wayback Machine" . web.archive.org . 2014-04-27. ??????? ?? ???? ? 27 ????? 2014 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  2. ^ a b c "???? .. ????? ?????? ... ??????? ?? ????? ??????" . ???? . ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-06-04 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  3. ^ a b Riser? J. (1988-04-01). "Anti-Atlas" . Encyclopedie berbere (? ??????????) (5): 776?791. doi : 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2522 . ISSN   1015-7344 . ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-05-30 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  4. ^ "???? ????? ??????.. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? - Hawamich" (? ??????). 2022-02-07. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-05-30 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  5. ^ "Marie-Luce Gelard, Le Pilier de la tente: Rituels et representations de l'honneur chez les Ait Khebbach (Tafilalt" .
  6. ^ "????? ??????" . web.archive.org . 2017-08-27. ??????? ?? ???? ? 27 ??? 2017 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  7. ^ ??????? ??? (2022-02-25). "????? ??????: ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????… ????! 2\2" . Marayana - ??????? (? ??????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-06-01 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  8. ^ "??????? ?????? ?????? ???? .. ????? ???????? ??? ????? "??? ??? " " . Hespress - ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? (? ??????). 2022-02-25. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-07-09 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  9. ^ "??? ???????.. ??????? ??? ????? ?? '??????' - Maghrebvoices" . www.maghrebvoices.com (? ??????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-07-09 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  10. ^ "????? ?????? ????????: ????? ????????" . Arab Defense ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (? ??????). 2020-06-23. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-05-30 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  11. ^ "???? ?????? .. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????" . Hespress - ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? (? ??????). 2014-02-06. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-07-09 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  12. ^ "?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? : ????? ?????? ???????. - errachidianews" . web.archive.org . 2020-01-17. ??????? ?? ???? ? 17 ????? 2020 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  13. ^ "???????? .. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????" . Hespress - ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? (? ??????). 2014-02-23. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-08-14 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  14. ^ "????? ?????? ??88 ?????? ??????.. ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????" . Maroc.ma (? ??????). 2021-02-13. ??????? ?? ???? ? 2023-07-09 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
  15. ^ "...:::?TAWALT:::..." web.archive.org . 2015-09-24. ??????? ?? ???? ? 24 ????? 2015 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2023-05-30 .
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