????? ??? ??????

??????? ?????
???????	1752 ; ???????
??????	1834 ; ????????
??????	???????
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????? ????	??????? ????? ????? ??? 17
?????? ????????
	?? ?????? ; 1776?1806 (?)
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??????? ???????	????? ??????? ????????? ; ?????? ???????????
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???? ????? ??? ?????? (1752 ? 1834) ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? . ?? ??? 1806 ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?? ??? 1752 ^[1] ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? . ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1776. ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? . ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1778 ????? ≪???≫ ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[2] ?? 18 ????? 1778? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ≪???????≫? ????? ??? ≪??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????≫. ^[3] ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1780. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ≪??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????≫. ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1784. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

?????? ??????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? 1806? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? . ?? 17 ?????? 1806? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? . ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 9? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? 12? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 17? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??10? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? 9? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 10? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????. ^[4]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? . ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? 32 ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 9 ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ^[5] ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? 5000 ???? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? 800 ???? ???. ^[4]

?? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ????? 8,400 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ?? ????? 1813 ??? 7 ???? 1814 ??? ??????? 5000 ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? 6 ?????. ^[6] ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ^[2] ??? ????? ?? ??? 1834. ^[7]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Montag, Lexikon: He-Hn
^ ^? ^? Boatner (1994), 503
^ Wright (1989), 152. The author named him Johann Heinrichs but it is clearly the same person.
^ ^? ^? Smith (1998), 226-227
^ Petre (1993), 206
^ Smith (1998), 508
^ Montag, Lexikon: He-Hn . Montag and Boatner agree on an 1834 date of death.

??????? [ ??? ]

Boatner, Mark M. III (1994). Encyclopedia of the American Revolution . Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. ISBN : 0-8117-0578-1 .
Montag, Reinhard. lexikon-deutschegenerale.de Das Lexikon der Deutschen Generale
Petre, F. Loraine (1993). Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia 1806 . London: Lionel Leventhal Ltd. ISBN : 1-85367-145-2 .
Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book . London: Greenhill. ISBN : 1-85367-276-9 .
Wright, Robert K. Jr. (1989). The Continental Army . Washington, D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 60-4.

[1] Montag, Lexikon: He-Hn

[Boatner-2] ? ^? Boatner (1994), 503

[3] Wright (1989), 152. The author named him Johann Heinrichs but it is clearly the same person.

[Smith-4] ? ^? Smith (1998), 226-227

[5] Petre (1993), 206

[6] Smith (1998), 508

[7] Montag, Lexikon: He-Hn . Montag and Boatner agree on an 1834 date of death.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]