???????? ??????

??????? ?????
???????	????? 3,000,000
	?????????
????? ????	??????? ?????? ? Tsalka dialect (en)
	??????? ????????? ???????????
??? ??	????????

??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (??????? ????? ?????? ??????). ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.

???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? . ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?? ??? 1910 ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? 27% ?? ??????. ^[1] ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? . ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????. ^[2] ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? 1.8 ????? ????. ^[3]

???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? (1914-1923) ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ^[4] ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? 300,000 ??? 360,000? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? . ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1923 .

??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ^[5] ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? . ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ??? 2007? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ^[6]^[7] ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????.

?? ??? 1923 ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? . ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ^[8] ??? 2.5 ????? ????? ^[9] ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Pentzopoulos? Dimitri (2002). The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece . C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ?. 29?30. ISBN : 978-1-85065-702-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-26.
^ F. W. Hasluck (1929) Chrstianity and Islam Under the Sultans, ed. Clarendon press, Oxford, vol. 2, pp. 469-474. ???? ?????? 2014-12-15 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Alaux & Puaux 1916 .
^ Howland, Charles P. "Greece and Her Refugees" , Foreign Affairs, ???? ???????? ???????? . July, 1926. "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-04-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ Hulse (NYT 2007)
^ Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I . Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006. ???? ?????? 2015-03-17 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Schaller? Dominik J? Zimmerer? Jurgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies ? introduction". Journal of Genocide Research . ?. 10 ?. 1: 7?14. DOI : 10.1080/14623520801950820 .
^ Dufoix? Stephane (2008). Diasporas . University of California Press. ?. 40 . ISBN : 9780520941298 . For example, there are 2 million Pontic Greeks worldwide, mostly in Russia, Ukraine, Greece, Germany, and Sweden.
^ Phrankoul?-Argyr?? Ioustin? (2006). Spyridon, Archbishop of America, 1996 - 1999: the heritage . Hell?nika Grammata. ?. 175. Οι ξεριζωμ?νοι και διασκορπισμ?νοι στα π?ρατα τη? οικουμ?νη? ?λληνε? του Π?ντου συμποσο?νται σ?μερα γ?ρω στα 2.500.000.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???????? ??????

[Pentzopoulos_2002_29–30-1] Pentzopoulos? Dimitri (2002). The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece . C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ?. 29?30. ISBN : 978-1-85065-702-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-26.

[2] F. W. Hasluck (1929) Chrstianity and Islam Under the Sultans, ed. Clarendon press, Oxford, vol. 2, pp. 469-474. ???? ?????? 2014-12-15 ?? Wayback Machine

[3] Alaux & Puaux 1916 .

[Greece_and_Her_Refugees-4] Howland, Charles P. "Greece and Her Refugees" , Foreign Affairs, ???? ???????? ???????? . July, 1926. "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-04-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[5] Hulse (NYT 2007)

[6] Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I . Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006. ???? ?????? 2015-03-17 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[7] Schaller? Dominik J? Zimmerer? Jurgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies ? introduction". Journal of Genocide Research . ?. 10 ?. 1: 7?14. DOI : 10.1080/14623520801950820 .

[Dufoix_2008-8] Dufoix? Stephane (2008). Diasporas . University of California Press. ?. 40 . ISBN : 9780520941298 . For example, there are 2 million Pontic Greeks worldwide, mostly in Russia, Ukraine, Greece, Germany, and Sweden.

[Phrankoulē-Argyrē_2006-9] Phrankoul?-Argyr?? Ioustin? (2006). Spyridon, Archbishop of America, 1996 - 1999: the heritage . Hell?nika Grammata. ?. 175. Οι ξεριζωμ?νοι και διασκορπισμ?νοι στα π?ρατα τη? οικουμ?νη? ?λληνε? του Π?ντου συμποσο?νται σ?μερα γ?ρω στα 2.500.000.

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