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???????	725,000
?????	350,000
???????? ???????	80,000
?????????	60,000
????	60,000
????????	60,000
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?????	25,000
??????	13,000
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??????	3,500
???????	5,000
????????	5,000
????	3,500
?????	3,000
???????	3,000
????	3,000
????	2,000 ?? 1,000
???????	2,000
?????????	1,500
??????? ???????	1,200
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????????	500
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????? ????????	100
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???? ≪????≫ ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? 15? ???????? ??? 1492 ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (?? ???? ????) ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? . ^[4]

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???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ?? ?????? 10% ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????) ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? 55% ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ^[5]

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? . ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? . ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? ???? ( ????????? ??????) ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ^[6]

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?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????. ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ≪????≫ ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???????? ) ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? (??????) ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????. ^[6]

????? [ ??? ]

^ United States Department of State ? Office of International Religious Freedom, Morocco 2022 international religious freedom report , 2022, p. 2. ???? ?????? 19 ?????? 2023 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Jews in Islamic Countries: Tunisia ???? ?????? 9 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Jews of Egypt" . www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-05 .
^ ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? - ?. ??? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? - ????? ?????? - ????? ????? : ???? ???????.
^ ^? ^? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? - ?. ??? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? - ????? ?????? - ????? ?????- ???? ?????? ????????.
^ ^? ^? ??? ?????? ?????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????

????

????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?? ?????? - ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? (???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????)
???? ??????
???? ???????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????????

[00auto-1] United States Department of State ? Office of International Religious Freedom, Morocco 2022 international religious freedom report , 2022, p. 2. ???? ?????? 19 ?????? 2023 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] Jews in Islamic Countries: Tunisia ???? ?????? 9 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[3] "Jews of Egypt" . www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-05 .

[4] ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? - ?. ??? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? - ????? ?????? - ????? ????? : ???? ???????.

[ReferenceA-5] ? ^? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? - ?. ??? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? - ????? ?????? - ????? ?????- ???? ?????? ????????.

[نفس_المصدر_الأول-6] ? ^? ??? ?????? ?????.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

? ? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????
??? ???????	???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ¹ ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????
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?????	??????? ??? 48 ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ¹ ??????????
??????? ????? ????	????????? ????????? ????????? ² ???????? ??????????
??????? ??? ????? ????	?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
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¹ ????? ?????? ??'??? ?????' ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1957. ² ????? ????????? ??'??? ?????' ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 2014.

? ? ? ?????? ?????????
???? ??????? ???????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ Index of Jewish history-related articles
???????	???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????
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