????? ???

????? ???
??????? ?????
???????	??? 1820 ; ????? ‏
??????	29 ???? 1877 (56–57 ???) ; ????? ‏
???? ?????	?????
?????? ???????
??????	???? ? ????? ? ?????
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	????? ????? - ?????

???? ????? ?? ( ?????????? : Яъ?уб-бек )? (?????? 1820 ?? 1825-???? 1877) ^[2] ?? ???? ????? ????? (??? ????? ) ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 1865 ??? ??? 1877. ^[3] ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? (≪???? ?????≫). ^[4]^[5]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ^[??????????] ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (????? ?? ????????? ). ^[6] ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? . ????? ??? 1847 ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1853. ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? 1864 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1865 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ^[2] ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? 1873?. ^[7]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 1877?? ^[2] ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ^[??????????] (?.1836-?.1917) ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????. ^[8] ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????.

???? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? .

????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 1878. ^[9]^[10]

??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? (????? ???) ??? ??? ??????. ^[11] ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ≪????? ?????????≫. ^[12]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Immanuel C.Y. Hsu (2000). "13". The Rise of Modern China (???????????). Translated by ??? ????? (6th ed.). United States of America: Oxford University Press . p. 321. ISBN : 978-0-19-512504-7 . OCLC : 40595619 . OL : 30971M . QID : Q15138081 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ?????. ??????? ???????? - ? 22: ???????? ????????? . IslamKotob. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-27.
^ Olivieri? Chiara (2018). "Religious Independence of Chinese Muslim East Turkestan "Uyghur" ". ?? Dingley? Mollica (????????). Understanding Religious Violence: Radicalism and Terrorism in Religion Explored Via Six Case Studies . ISBN : 9783030002848 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-17.
^ "Atalik" . Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement . ?. 12. 1980. ?. 98. ISBN : 9004061673 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-08-22 .
^ "Yakub Beg" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-15 .
^ "Yakub Beg: Tajik adventurer" . Encyclopædia Britannica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-04.
^ "????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????" . midan.aljazeera.net . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-27 .
^ "Central and North Asia, 1800?1900 A.D." metmuseum.org. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-12-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-14 .
^ Thwaites, Richard (1986). "Real Life China 1978-1983" . Rich Communications, Canberra, Australia. 0-00-217547-9. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-14 .
^ Michael Dillon (1 ????? 2014). Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century . Routledge. ?. 11?. ISBN : 978-1-317-64721-8 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-08.
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (9 ?????? 1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949 . CUP Archive. ?. 225?. ISBN : 978-0-521-25514-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-17.
^ Rebiya Kadeer? Alexandra Cavelius (2009). Dragon Fighter: One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China . Kales Press. ?. 6?. ISBN : 978-0-9798456-1-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-11.

????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[wikidata-844dd8221c6f60cd9832c1f00e373a78672a2e2f-1] Immanuel C.Y. Hsu (2000). "13". The Rise of Modern China (???????????). Translated by ??? ????? (6th ed.). United States of America: Oxford University Press . p. 321. ISBN : 978-0-19-512504-7 . OCLC : 40595619 . OL : 30971M . QID : Q15138081 .

[كتاب-2] ? ^? ^? ?????. ??????? ???????? - ? 22: ???????? ????????? . IslamKotob. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-27.

[3] Olivieri? Chiara (2018). "Religious Independence of Chinese Muslim East Turkestan "Uyghur" ". ?? Dingley? Mollica (????????). Understanding Religious Violence: Radicalism and Terrorism in Religion Explored Via Six Case Studies . ISBN : 9783030002848 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-17.

[4] "Atalik" . Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement . ?. 12. 1980. ?. 98. ISBN : 9004061673 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-08-22 .

[5] "Yakub Beg" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-15 .

[eb-6] "Yakub Beg: Tajik adventurer" . Encyclopædia Britannica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-04.

[7] "????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????" . midan.aljazeera.net . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-27 .

[8] "Central and North Asia, 1800?1900 A.D." metmuseum.org. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-12-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-14 .

[9] Thwaites, Richard (1986). "Real Life China 1978-1983" . Rich Communications, Canberra, Australia. 0-00-217547-9. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-14 .

[Dillon2014-10] Michael Dillon (1 ????? 2014). Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century . Routledge. ?. 11?. ISBN : 978-1-317-64721-8 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-08.

[Forbes1986-11] Andrew D. W. Forbes (9 ?????? 1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949 . CUP Archive. ?. 225?. ISBN : 978-0-521-25514-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-17.

[KadeerCavelius2009-12] Rebiya Kadeer? Alexandra Cavelius (2009). Dragon Fighter: One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China . Kales Press. ?. 6?. ISBN : 978-0-9798456-1-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-11.

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