?????? 7
(
???????????
:
Windows 7
)? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
???????
? ??????
??????????
??
22 ??????
2009
[1]
??? ????
?????? ?????
?? ??? ?? ????? ??????
??????
7 ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
????????
???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? (????????) ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????
??????
8 ??? ?????? 7 ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 14 ????? ??
2020
[2]
??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? 7 ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ≪?????? ??????≫ (??????????? Superbar) ????
?????? ???
??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? HomeGroup? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? 7? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
???? ??????
?????? ??????
? ??? ???? - ?????? - ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
??????? ??????
???????.
??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? Blackcomb ?? Vienna.
????????
[
???
]
?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? 7 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? 7 ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? XPS ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????.
??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? 32 ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 256 ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????.
??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
????? ???????? ??????
??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 7 ???????? ???? ????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? (?????? 8 ???? ?????) ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? (???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????.) ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????.
????? ?????? 7 ????? 13 ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? 8? ??????? ????? ????? 12? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? 7 ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? (????? ???? ?????? ??? ??) ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 7. ??? ???? ????? ?????? 7 ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
???? ???????
(bootloader) ??????? ?? ?????? 7 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 7 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? 10 ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ?? ?????? 7 ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 7. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ≪????? ???????≫ ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? - ??????? ???????? - ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??.
????? ????? ?????? 7 ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????). ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? TRIM ??????? ??? ?? ?????? 7 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? USB 3.0 ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ?????????? ?? WinHEC ??? 2008? ?? ?????? 7 ????? ??????? ??????? 30 ?? ?48 ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? scRGB (????? ???? ?? ???? ??? xvYCC ?? HDMI 1.3). ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??: 16 ?? sRGB? ?24 ?? sRGB? ?30 ?? sRGB? ?48 ?? scRGB.
??????? ????????? ??? ?????? 7 ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? SOAP ?????? ?????? (??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? NET. ???????? WCF)? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? 7 ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????.
??????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? 7 ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ????? ???
????? ????? ????
? ?
??? ????? ???? ??????
? ?
?????? ????????
? ?
?????? ????? ?????
? ?
?????? ??????? ???????
? ?
??? ???
. ????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ?????
???? ?????? ?? ?????? 7 ???:
???? ?????
? ?
???? ???????
? ?
????? ??????
? ?
???? ??????
? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
??????? ?????? ????
???? ??????? ?? ????
??????????
???
????????
.
????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
[
???
]
????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 7 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???: ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ?? ?????? 7 ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????.
?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? IA-32 ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? x86-64. ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??: ??? ?????? IA-32? ???? ?????? x86-64.
????? ????? ??????? ??????? 7 ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? (???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????). ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (????? ?????? ?? ?? ???) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? 7 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????.
???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? 7 ???????? ??????????? (?? ????? ?????) ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ≪???? ???????≫ ????? 149.99$ ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? 18 ?????? 2009? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? 7. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? edu. ?? ac.uk ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? 30$ ?? 30 ???????.
??? ????? ?????? 7 ?????? ????? ????? ???????? (???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? 2011.)
????? ???????? ?? ?????? 7 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
?????
[
???
]
???? ???? ?????? 7 ???????
?????? ??????
??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????.
[3]
??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
??? ????
??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??.
????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.
??????? ?? ???????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ?????? 7 ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????:
32 ??
?64 ??
??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????
32 ??
???
64 ??
? ??? ?? ???? ???? ≪?????≫ ?????
64 ??
???. ??????? ?? ???????
32 ??
???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????????
???? ??????? ?? ?????
(DOS) ?? ?????? 16 ??? ??? ?? ≪
?????? ??? ??
????????? ??????? x64≫ ?? ???? ??? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
??????????
?????? ?????
????? ????.
??????? ?????? 7
[
???
]
??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????:
- ??? ?????? ??? ??
(?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????): ????? ??? ?????? 1 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 15 ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
?????? ?????????
? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????.
- ?????? ????? ????
(?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????): ????? ??? ????????
?????? ????????
???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????.
???? ??? ??????
[
???
]
??????? ?????????
[
???
]
????? ???
??????? ?????????
?? ?????? 7 ??????? ?????? (32 ?? ?? 64 ??) ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????.
- ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? 7 ??? ?? ????????:
???????
|
???? ??????? ????????? ?????? 32 ??
|
???? ??????? ????????? ?????? 64 ??
|
Ultimate
?????? ????????
|
4 ????????
|
192 ????????
|
Enterprise
?????? ???????????
|
4 ????????
|
192 ????????
|
Professional
?????? ??????????
|
4 ????????
|
192 ????????
|
Home Premium
?????? ???????? ????????
|
4 ????????
|
16 ????????
|
Home Basic
?????? ???????? ???????
|
4 ????????
|
8 ????????
|
Starter
?????? ????????
|
2 ????????
|
---
|
???? ?????????
[
???
]
???? ?????? 7 ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? (????? ?? ?? ????) ?? ??? ??????? ?????? 7 ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???.
????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??
????? ???? ???????? ???????
?? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
??????? ?? x86 ??????? 7 ???? ??? 32 ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? x64 ???? ??? 256 (64X4).
?? ????? 2016 ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??
?????? 10
??? ??????? ???? ??????
????
??????? (??????? ????????? ???????) ?? ?????? ?? 17 ?????.
??????? ???? ???? ?????? 7 ??? ??????? ????????? (skylake) ???? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ≪?????? ??????≫ ?????? 7? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? 7 ?? ???? ????.
?????????
[
???
]
???? ??????? 1
[
???
]
????? ?????? ??????? 1 (???????????: Service Pack 1) ?? 18 ???? ??? 2010?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? 12 ????? 2010?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? 2 ?????? 2011?. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????.
????? ???? ??????? 1 ??????? 7 ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? AVX (?????: ?????? ???????? ????????) ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 256 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? IKEv2 ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??
?????? ?????? 512 ??
????? ?????? ??
????? ????? ??????
. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???
????
????? ?? ????? ???????
??? ?? ??
.
??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? 1 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.
??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? BrowserChoice.eu (????: ?????? ???????) ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2011 ????? ???? ??? 14 ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ≪??? ????.≫ ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? 2013 561 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????.
??? ???
???? ????
?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????.
???? ????? ?????? 3.0
[
???
]
???? ????? ?????? 3.0 ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (???? 3.0)? ??????? ????????? ??????????? (Windows Management Instrumentation) ?????? ?????? ?? ??? (WinRM). ????? ?????? ?? 3 ?????? 2012.
????? ??????
[
???
]
???? ????? ???? ??????? 7 ?????? ??????? 1 ???????? ???? 2008 ?? 2 ?????? ??????? 1 ?? 26 ?? ?????? 2013 ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? 5 ?????? 2012. ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? 10 ??????? 7.
????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (Windows Imaging Component)? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? (Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform)? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? XPS? ???? ???? ????? H.264? ???? ???? ??? JPEG XR. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 11.1 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 8 ????? ????? ??? DXGI/WDDM 1.2 ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? 11_1 ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????.
???? ?????????? ?? ???? 2013 ?????? ????? ?? ≪??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????≫ ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????.
???? ?????
[
???
]
?????? ????
??????????
??? ???? ?????? 7 ??? 10 ????? ??? ?????? ??
22 ??????
2009
. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???
???????? 14 ????? ?????? ??? 2020
? ?????
??????????
??? ?????? 7 ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ????
?????? 10
??? ????. ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? Windows Update ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
??????????
?????? ???????? ??? ????
?????? 10
????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????.
???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? 7 ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??
??????????
.
[5]
?????
[
???
]
????? ??????
[
???
]