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??????? ( ??????????? : Suzerainty )? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. [1]

????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????.

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????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????????.

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?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? (?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1842 ???????? ??????? ??? 1858 ????????? ???? ??? 1860) ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? (????????? ???????) ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. [2]

???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. [3]

???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ≪???????≫ ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 2008 ??? ???? ≪?????? ???????≫ ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????. [4]

??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 600 ??? 1200 ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????. [5] ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ≪?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????≫ ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????. [6] [7]

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?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????: [8]

  • ????????: ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. [9]
  • ???????: ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????. [10]
  • ??????: ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????. [11]
  • ????? ????? ?????: ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
  • ???? ???? ??? ????????: ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????.
  • ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????.
  • ???? ?????: ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????. [12] [13]

??? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1757 ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? (“????????" ???? ???) ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 16,5 ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? 100 ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 27 ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? 80 ????? ?????.

??? ????? ???? ????? ≪??????≫ ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? 1926 ≪?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????????≫ ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. [14]

??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ≪??????≫ ???? ???????.

?? ????? ????? ????? ???? 1935 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????.

?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 1947 ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "Suzerain" . Merriam Webster . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-22.
  2. ^ Dong Wang (2003). "The Discourse of Unequal Treaties in Modern China" . Pacific Affairs . ?. 76 ?. 3: 399?425.
  3. ^ George D. E. Philip et al. eds. (1994). British documents on foreign affairs?reports and papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: From the mid-nineteenth century to the First World War . Great Britain. Foreign Office. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-18. {{ ??????? ????? }} : |????= ???? ??? ( ?????? )
  4. ^ Spencer? Richard (5 ?????? 2008). "UK recognises China's direct rule over Tibet" . ???? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-12 .
  5. ^ Coogan? Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ?. 100. ISBN : 978-0-19-983011-4 .
  6. ^ Coogan? Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ?. 103. ISBN : 978-0-19-983011-4 .
  7. ^ Hindson? Ed? Yates? Gary? ???????? (2012). The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey . Nashville: B & H Publishing Group. ?. 113.
  8. ^ Mendenhall? G. (1954). "Covenant Forms in Israelite Tradition". The Biblical Archaeologist . The American Schools of Oriental Research. ?. 17 ?. 3: 49?76. JSTOR : 3209151 .
  9. ^ Gupta 1958 ? ????? 145-146.
  10. ^ Gupta 1958 ? ???? 148.
  11. ^ Stein & Arnold 2010 ? ????? 336-337.
  12. ^ Menon 1956 .
  13. ^ Stein & Arnold 2010 ? ????? 357-358.
  14. ^ Stein & Arnold 2010 ? ???? 306.
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