???? ????

?????? ?????? ^[1] ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????. ^[2]^[3]^[4] ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? .

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ????? ????? ? ?? ?????? . ???? ????? ?? ???????? . ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? .

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?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.

?????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????) ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ≪ ?????? ??????? ≫.

??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????.

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????:

???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? : ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? .
???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? : ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? .
???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????: ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? . ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????.

???? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? 2008 ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 963 ????? ???? ???? ??? 2008.

????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????.

????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????.

???? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 90 ??????? /???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 50 ???????/??? ???. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????.

?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? . ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 50 ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? 25 ??????? / ???.

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ≪????? ?????≫ ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? . ^[5]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? (?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????). ^[6]^[7]^[8] ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ????????) ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???. ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ^[9]

???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ^[10]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? 1978- 1996? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? (?? ?? ?? ??) ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? 50%? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? - ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? - ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????. ^[11]^[11]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[12]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ?????? ???? ????? (2003)? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? (???????? ???????????)? ???????: ????? ???????? ?. 84? OCLC : 4769982658 ? QID : Q126042864
^ "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ne.se" . ne.se. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-07.
^ "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? psh.techlib.cz" . psh.techlib.cz. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-16.
^ "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? thesaurus.ascleiden.nl" . thesaurus.ascleiden.nl. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-16.
^ First, second, third and fourth generation biofuels explained ???? ?????? 2019-09-19 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ??? ??? ????? is another example, if it is extracted in such a way that the meat and milk can still be used for human and/or animal consumption.
^ http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2010/12/24/barley-grain-can-be-used-to-produce-ethanol-says-scientists-with-usda/ ^{[
??????? ????? ????????
]}
^ Adelabu? Blessing Adebola? Kareem? Sarafadeen Olateju? Oluwafemi? Flora? Abideen Adeogun? Idowu (2017). "Bioconversion of corn straw to ethanol by cellulolytic yeasts immobilized in Mucuna urens matrix". Journal of King Saud University - Science . ?. 31: 136?141. DOI : 10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.005 .
^ "Biofuels - Second Generation Biofuels" . biofuel.org.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-18 .
^ "The potential and challenges of drop-in fuels (members only) | IEA Bioenergy Task 39 ? Commercializing Liquid Biofuels" . task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-10 .
^ ^? ^? "Valcent Products Inc. Develops "Clean Green" Vertical Bio-Reactor" . Valcent Products . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-06-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-09 .
^ Aro? EM (2016). "From first generation biofuels to advanced solar biofuels" . Ambio . 45 Suppl 1: S24?31. DOI : 10.1007/s13280-015-0730-0 . PMC : 4678123 . PMID : 26667057 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????

[1] ???? ?????? ???? ????? (2003)? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? (???????? ???????????)? ???????: ????? ???????? ?. 84? OCLC : 4769982658 ? QID : Q126042864

[2] "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ne.se" . ne.se. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-07.

[3] "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? psh.techlib.cz" . psh.techlib.cz. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-16.

[4] "??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? thesaurus.ascleiden.nl" . thesaurus.ascleiden.nl. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-16.

[bio-5] First, second, third and fourth generation biofuels explained ???? ?????? 2019-09-19 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] ??? ??? ????? is another example, if it is extracted in such a way that the meat and milk can still be used for human and/or animal consumption.

[7] ttp://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2010/12/24/barley-grain-can-be-used-to-produce-ethanol-says-scientists-with-usda/ ^{[
??????? ????? ????????
]}

[8] Adelabu? Blessing Adebola? Kareem? Sarafadeen Olateju? Oluwafemi? Flora? Abideen Adeogun? Idowu (2017). "Bioconversion of corn straw to ethanol by cellulolytic yeasts immobilized in Mucuna urens matrix". Journal of King Saud University - Science . ?. 31: 136?141. DOI : 10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.005 .

[9] "Biofuels - Second Generation Biofuels" . biofuel.org.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-18 .

[10] "The potential and challenges of drop-in fuels (members only) | IEA Bioenergy Task 39 ? Commercializing Liquid Biofuels" . task39.sites.olt.ubc.ca . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-10 .

[مولد_تلقائيا1-11] ? ^? "Valcent Products Inc. Develops "Clean Green" Vertical Bio-Reactor" . Valcent Products . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-06-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-09 .

[12] Aro? EM (2016). "From first generation biofuels to advanced solar biofuels" . Ambio . 45 Suppl 1: S24?31. DOI : 10.1007/s13280-015-0730-0 . PMC : 4678123 . PMID : 26667057 .

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????	???? ?????? ( control ????? ?????? ) ??????????? ???????? Solid waste treatment ????? ???????? ??? ( ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? waste-water treatment technologies ????? ?????? )
???? ??????	???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? (?????) ??????? ?????? ???? ( ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ) List of energy storage projects ???? ?????? ( ????? ?????? ???????? ) ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ( ????? ???????? ????? ????? )
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