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- ????? (?? ????? ????) ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????.
- ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????.
- ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? (?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????)
[1]
????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????.
????? ??????
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????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ponere positum? ????? ???? (???). ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????.
[2]
??????? ????????? ?????? ???????
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???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????: ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????: ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? (????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???)? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????.
[3]
?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? (??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????). ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.
??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????
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????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? (?? ???????)? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? (???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????). ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???. ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???.
[4]
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????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????
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????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????.
[6]
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? (??????? ????????) ???? ???? ?????? ???????? (??????? ?????????).
[7]
?????? ??????? ?????????
[
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???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????: ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? (?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????). ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????: ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????.
????? ?????
[
???
]
???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? (????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????) ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???:
- ??????? ?? ????????: ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
- ?????????: ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????.
????? ???
????? ???????
???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????.
???????
[
???
]
- ^
H. L. A. Hart, "Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals" (1958) 71
Harvard Law Review
593, 601?602.
- ^
Green? Leslie (2009). Zalta? Edward N. (??????).
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(?. Fall 2009). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. ????? ??
?????
?? 2019-03-17.
- ^
Green, Leslie, "
Legal Positivism
" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
???? ??????
25 ?????? 2019 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
- ^
Luhmann, 1987
- ^
Gowans? Chris (2016). Zalta? Edward N. (??????).
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(?. Winter 2016). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. ????? ??
?????
?? 2019-03-18.
- ^
Markie? Peter (1 ????? 2015). Zalta? Edward N. (??????).
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
(?. Summer 2015). ????? ??
?????
?? 2019-03-18.
- ^
Curzon? Peter (1998).
Jurisprudence Lecture Notes
. Cavendish Publishing. ?. 82.
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